Food network dutch oven 5 qt

Slowcooking: Slow and Steady Wins the Race

2010.11.03 18:01 mmmyum Slowcooking: Slow and Steady Wins the Race

Slowcooking is a food-related subreddit for sharing ideas, recipes or pictures in which a "Crock-Pot®" style slow cooker was used. Slow cooking is an ideal method for cooking less expensive portions of meat to make them more tender and tasty than by other forms of cookery. Vegetarian and vegan dishes can also be made via slow cooking. - crockpot, slowcooker, crock
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2008.08.26 02:03 Pizza

The home of pizza on reddit. An educational community devoted to the art of pizza making.
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2016.12.24 22:30 T_Dumbsford Just like mom used to make

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2023.06.11 02:59 Technical_Contestant The other hand finds a way

Hello
Made a video if easier
https://youtu.be/fSnawhk
You said that creatives don't move fast enough, I wanna see how fast I can build with your help.
I'm asking for $50 million to build a homeless network. Extends barter system: global.
My fee to get it up all off the ground is 35%
Weakness: I don't know how to make money from this for you. I'm wanting to turn homeless people into hustlers. There's government and private contracts that I'm sure you could do something with though. Service for service: spend budget to make budget.
Proverbs 3:5 1 Corinthians 14 from some random people, they threw scripture at me.
[Redacted]
Stage 1: initial location of shelter: Salisbury South Australia Stage 2: initial locations of hubs: Elizabeth South Australia Stage 3: tba
Requirements for shelter: Fit out including showers and beds, space for tables, chairs and area for shared space. Division of male female sleeping areas.
Question: do we allocate space for children? Many of the homeless are cpsd, PTSD, svhitzo effective (really smart people with nothing to do)
Staff minimum 4 Security minimum 1 - police station near by
Linked in services in immediate area: Mental health Job network Churches Opportunity shops Food bank Adelaide metro Telco providers Small businesses Legal services Real estate Power networks
Sidenotes if you wanna fund my research into cavitation bubbles as a power source or nanno wire batteries pls let me know
Stage 1: Meet Daniel Use case: Man, age what ever, interest in music, addiction; weed, nicotine. Can read, can write, can use technology when taught. Comes to shelter. Fed, clothed, bathed, own space in room with bed. Program of detox started, four hourly cycles of activity started. Meditation, vision bored (magazines/ print media sourced from community), organisation structure created of new support structure. Identify lack in skills, targeted education plan constructed. Enacted. See, do, teach. Pays it back through the community.
This is as far as I can get, there's too many variables from this point forward.
Can be turned into a barracks if need be.
Stage 2: approximations marker Two properties in Elizabeth, close to raff base make them into safe houses if you have to. The hubs...I can't talk about it anymore Security, feeling safe when you live in the defence state. So far away from everyone, attempt communication through all other non sensical channels.
What do you think? Let me know in a way I can understand you.
Thank you for your prompting.
Always serving,
~L
submitted by Technical_Contestant to LibraryofBabel [link] [comments]


2023.06.11 02:35 Small-Salamander3303 Baked bread for the first time in a while. I think it turned out pretty nice 😋

Baked bread for the first time in a while. I think it turned out pretty nice 😋
I've noticed that the easiest and most effective way to get good oven spring without a dutch oven is turning the oven off when you put the bread in and after 15-20 minutes turning it back on.
Here's the recipe I used to make this bread: -300g water -350g all purpose flour -50g spelt flour -25g organic rye flour -90g starter -8g salt 1. Combine all ingredients. Autolysis for 1 hour. 2. Stretch and fold at least 3 times with 30min in between each time. 3. Bulk fermentation until the dough has doubled in size 4. Preshape and let the dough rest for 45min. Preheat the oven to 250C or 480F. Put an oven proow container with water in the oven as well to produce steam. 5. Shape again and put the loaf in the oven. Turn the oven off immediately. Let the bread bake for 20 min. 6. Take the water container out and put the oven back on to 225C or 435F. Bake the loaf for another 20 to 30 minutes. (The baking time really depends on the oven) 7. Take the loaf out of the oven and let it cool for 1 hour.
submitted by Small-Salamander3303 to Sourdough [link] [comments]


2023.06.11 02:24 Dan_Stainberg [Diplomacy] Canada's Response to Chinese Economic Cohesion

Introduction

It's widely believed that Canada doesn't really need a comprehensive defence policy. However, recent have clearly demonstrated that Ottawa could no longer rely on the status quo, as an open hostile Russia has been completely but an increasingly aggressive China.
While avoiding direct conformation, the Government of Canada is announcing a compressive package of retaliatory measures that are sent to enter into force within the next 12 months. This invokes proportionate reduction in Chinese diplomatic presence in Canada, as well significantly increased stringency of security screening for Chinese companies operating in Canada.
Ottawa continues to stand its ground on the newly announced immigration measures. However, Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada has also outlined a package of additional measures. This involve treating all Chinese nationals coming to Canada as de-facto asylum seekers in terms of security screening. While normally IRCC would do their best to cooperate with Chinese state authorises, when conduction background verifications, and security checks, now the Government of Canada shall suspend all current and future requests, as well as refuse to provide any information about Chinese nationals currently present in Canada or applying for Canadian Temporary or Permanent Residence Visas. Additionally, Canada shall cooperate with its allies to allow Chinese national visas in foil-less visas, as well as damaged or expired travel documents, so long an can provide a verifiable copy if their Chinese nationality.
Notably, current applicants for Permanent Residence in Canada will be eligible to apply for a Open Work and Study Permits in case their experiences in China may not be verified, to compensate for the loss of points on foreign experience with additional time in Canada.
Canada is also waiving quota of family reunification applicants for Chinese nationals, as well as removing income eligibility requirements, allowing Chinese nationality to bring their partners, parents, and grandparents, as well as dependents to Canada as temporary or permanent residents.
Additionally, Canada shall immediately declare a Chinese Ambassador Persona Non-Grata, as well as suspend Canadian non-diplomatic representation in China, including emergency evaluation of the IRCC office in Beijing, as well as a "stand-by" order for all Canadian diplomatic staff in China, eyeing possible retaliation by the PRC's government.
Canada shall also introduce major restrictions on Chinese investment into the country, requiring any investment coming from a Chinese national without TRV or PR status in Canada to be reviewed before approval, with identical requirements introduced for Chinese companies - incorporated in China or majority-Chinese owned - investing into Canada, including equity and public debt.
The Government of Canada also issues an "avoid all travel" advisory to Canadian citizens to the People's Republic, as well as its Special Administrative Regions. Global Affairs Canada is currently recruiting private companies for Canadian citizens and Permanent as well Temporary Residents to immediately return home.
Canadian companies are also advised to immediately suspend their operations in China, as well as disengage with their Chinese suppliers and customers for the fear of possible retaliation.
Furthermore, Ottawa is set to suspend security clearances of Chinese companies acting in the public procurement space, with an immediate revocation of all export permits for Canadian companies to sell to China, when it requires export authorisation. Canadian companies shall also be prohibited from holding or obtaining assets in China or Chinese companies.
Global Affairs Canada has also advised the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that Canada shall considering introducing "external equivalence" when it comes to China and Russia. Any further escalation from the People's Republic shall be met by gradually increasing economic pressure on China, until the country shall face same resections currently experienced by the Russian Federation.
Canada shall also follow through with the Foreign Influence Registration & Monitoring - a document jointly composed by the Canadian Security & Intelligence Service, and FINTRAC - Canada's anti-laundering watchdog. FIRM aims to provide an open source database of foreign nationals an entities who've been suspected or proven to be interfering with Canadian domestic affairs or have employed illegal instruments to influence Canadian decision-makers. An entity or individual listed under FIRM shall be prohibited from acquiring Canadian assets, as well as using Canadian finical system anywhere in the world. Notably, while FIRM limitations kick in immediately when an entity or an individual entity the list, CSIS and FINTRAC still have to prove their case in court, with restrictions maintained until the court rules otherwise.
However, most importantly, Canada is announcing its desire to join AUKUS following closed negations with Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Under the terms of the brokered deal, Canada becomes an immediate member of the trilateral security agreement, with full access to AUKUS' non-nuclear Pillar II component, to foster greater technological and industrial cooperation. Access to Pillar I - pushing nuclear powered submarines - shall be temporary restricted for 2 years, allowing Canada and the original AUKUS members to negotiate both procurement and technology transfer with Canada.
CAUKUS would also see the Agreement's significant expansion of the agreement, including closer alignment of defence & procurement, as well as increased coordination of export controls and industrial strategy development.
Finance Canada has also declared Canada shall increase its defence spending immediately to exceed the 2 per cent target, with full indexing on unspent funds earmarked preciously.

Areas covered by C-AUKUS

The Agreement is largely focusing on allowing Member States to catch up with third countries in critical technologies, while straightening their existing lead in areas where either individual or combined competency of the Member Sates provides for a competitive advantage.
The agreement covers several technologies deemed to be critical for both national security of future competitiveness.

GENERAL DEFENCE
Autonomous systems - systems that can perform assigned tasks with our the need for human interference that included uncrewed underwater vehicles, industrial robots, as well transpiration units and weapon systems.
Advanced undersea wireless communication - includes equipment and techniques that ensure underseas communication with low error rates across longer distances, that are often used by submarines and autonomous underwater vehicles. Specific technologies include extremely-low frequency (ELF) communications, as well as transmitting antennas, acoustic, laser, and LED communication, and maritime sound analysis.
Adversarial AI & reverse engineering - developing safeguards for excusing AI and neural networks for present their use by adversaries, including using original data clusters and utilising captured analysis techniques.
Air-independent propulsion - mainly through compact energy generation, mainly used ion underwater autonomous vehicles. Those include developments of hydrogen fuel cells and Stirling engines, to enable longer underwater operability.
Autonomous underwater vehicles that are able to operate over long distances, without human interference limited to basic route planning. Those vehicles are most widely used in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions in addition to anti-submarine warfare.
Electronic warfare utilise electromagnetic spectrum to deny, degrade, disrupt, deceive, or destroy and adversary’s electronic systems or enable forces to operate in contested and degraded environments, such as electronic protection. This involves collection, analysis and processing of electromagnetic signals for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance to support targeting and operational planning . It also includes collection of foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). Specific techniques GPS jamming, GPS spoofing, communication jamming, communication masking, and frequency-hopping communication.
Hypersonic detection, tracking, and characterisation for glide vehicles, including trajectory projection and early detection, with land, ship, air, and space-based sensors and algorithms for rapid trajectory analysis.
Sonar and acoustic sensors used to identify and locate underseas objects. Applications for sonar and acoustic sensors include monitoring marine wildlife, and threat detection, identification and targeting for defence.

ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING
Additive manufacturing (including 3D printing) - which is manufacturing physical objects by depositing materials layer by layer according to a digital blueprint or 3D model, regardless of their size or metal structures. Applications for additive manufacturing include rapid prototyping and making custom or small quantity components.
Advanced composite materials include new materials created by combining two or more materials with different properties, without dissolving or blending them into each other. Examples include carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics and laminated materials. Applications include vehicle protection, signature reducing materials, construction materials and wind turbine components.
Advanced explosives and energetic materials - materials with large amounts of stored or potential energy that can produce an explosion. Applications for advanced explosives and energetic materials include mining, civil engineering, manufacturing and defence.
Advanced magnets and superconductors - strong permanent magnets that require no or few critical minerals. Applications include scientific research, smartphones, data storage, health care, power generation and electric motors. While superconductors are materials that have no electrical resistance, ideally at room temperature and pressure that create strong magnetic fields, used for medical imaging, transferring electricity without loss, and hardware for quantum computers.
Advanced protection clothing and equipment serve to protect defence, law enforcement and public safety personnel and defence platforms from physical injury and/or chemical or biological hazards. Such as helmets, fire-retardant fabrics, respirators, and body armour.
Continuous flow chemical synthesis produces fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals using continuous-flow processes, rather than batches. Flow chemistry can make chemicals and pharmaceuticals faster, more consistently and with less wast. Applications for continuous flow chemical synthesis include rapid analysis of chemical reactions, and manufacturing industrial chemicals, agrichemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Coatings Substances are substances applied to surfaces to add useful properties like preventing biofouling, repelling water, reducing visibility to radar, enhancing thermal efficiency - for example in hypersonics - and preventing corrosion.
Critical minerals extraction and processing systems and processes to extract and process critical minerals that includes mining, concentrating minerals, and manufacturing battery-grade chemicals.
High-specification machining processes involve cutting and shaping raw materials into precise components using advanced tools such as, lathes, laser cutting, and water jet cutting. Those are used in aerospace manufacturing and other industries for high-grade precise production.
Nanoscale materials and manufacturing nvolve materials with features smaller than 100 nanometers and the technologies used to produce them. Applications include various fields such as pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, data storage, communications, semiconductors, carbon dioxide capture, and nanoscale tracking markers for important materials.
Novel meta-materials - new synthetic materials that have properties that do not occur naturally, such as the ability to bend light or radio waves backwards. Applications for novel metamaterials include energy capture and storage, radio antennae, and adaptive camouflage.
Smart materials that have properties that change in response to external pressures, such as shape memory alloys that change shape when heated and self-healing materials. Applications for smart materials include clothing, body armour, building materials and consumer electronics.

AI, COMPUTING, COMMUNICATIONS
Advanced data analytics involves systems, processes, and techniques for analysing large volumes of data (known as 'big data') to extract valuable insights with minimal human involvement. It is used in medical diagnosis, acoustic analytics, regulatory compliance, insurance, climate monitoring, infrastructure forecasting, national security.
Advanced integrated circuit design and fabrication focus on creating complex integrated circuits using process nodes below 10 nanometres. This includes designing systems-on-chip (SoC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), stacked memory on chip, and specialised microprocessors for the defence industry.
Advanced optical communications utilise light to transfer information over optical fibre, such as air or the vacuum of space. Those employ laser technologies and other means to achieve faster, more reliable, efficient, and energy-efficient information transfer. Applications for advanced optical communications include high-speed Earth satellite communications, short-range visible light communications, narrow-beam laser communications, and multi-gigabit broadband and corporate networks.
Advanced radiofrequency communications (including 5G and 6G) use radio waves to transfer information through free space. They employ novel techniques, advanced antennas, and beamforming technologies to achieve faster, more reliable, efficient, and energy-saving communication. Applications include satellites, cellular networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, sensor networks, connected vehicles, medical devices, and public safety services.
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and hardware accelerators perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as virtual assistants, process automation, virtual and augmented reality, creating realistic video game environments and characters, public transport planning and optimisation, crop and livestock management, and defence. AI hardware accelerators are specialised computer hardware designed to run optimised AI algorithms in smartphones, portable virtual and augmented reality systems, and low-power internet of things (IoT) sensors.
Distributed ledgers are systems that record transactions, contracts, across multiple systems or locations. They eliminate the need for a central authority, making transactions and records more secure against cyber-attacks and fraud. Blockchain is an example of a distributed ledger, and Bitcoin uses it for financial transactions. Applications for distributed ledgers include cryptocurrencies, supply chain verification, product provenance and emissions monitoring, tracking recyclable content, land records, and share trading.
High performance computing refers to computer systems such as supercomputers, that are significantly more powerful than consumer devices such as desktops and laptops that excel at processing large amounts of data and performing complex calculations that are beyond the capabilities of other devices, used in areas such as climate modelling, computational chemistry, and high-quality computer graphics for film and television.
Machine learning that included neural networks and deep learning. Applications for machine learning include computer vision, facial recognition, cybersecurity, media creation, virtual and augmented reality systems, media manipulation (e.g. deepfakes), content recommendation systems, and search engines.
Natural language processing includes speech and text recognition and analysis, refers to systems that enable computers to recognise, understand, and use written and/or spoken language in a manner similar to human communication. NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence. Applications for NLP include predictive text, language translation, virtual assistants and chatbots, summarizing lengthy documents, sentiment analysis, and enhancing the accessibility and inclusivity of technologies.
Protective cyber security include, algorithms and hardware that are designed to enable a cyber security enhancement. Applications of those technologies include but are not limited to: operational technology security, authentication infrastructures, protection of aggregated data sets, protection of AI systems and supply chain security.

LIFE SCIENCES & HEALTHCARE
Biological manufacturing uses living cells to make useful chemicals or materials, especially in the pharmaceutical sector with fermentation products, biologic medicines such as antibodies and enzyme replacement therapies, and enzymes for environmental remediation and recycling plastics.
Synthetic biology creates biological systems and devices that have useful functions not found in nature. Applications for synthetic biology include creating microorganisms that can clean-up environmental pollutants and recycle plastics, manufacturing animal-free meat and dairy products, and biological computers.
Vaccines and medical countermeasures refer to technologies that allow quickly develop and manufacture vaccines, drugs, biologic products and devices used to diagnose and treat emerging infectious diseases and medical conditions caused by exposure to harmful chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear substances. Applications for vaccines and medical countermeasures include public health emergencies, industrial accidents and defence.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
Biofuels include fuels produced from biological or organic sources. Examples include biogas and biodiesel derived from plant biomass, and bioethanol from crops such as corn and sugar cane.
Directed energy technologies transfer energy between two points in free space. Applications for directed energy technologies include powering consumer electronics, recharging electric vehicles, powering aerial drones, ground-space energy transfer, wireless sensor networks and internet of things devices, and advanced weapons.
Electric batteries utilise various materials and chemistries (e.g. lithium-ion (Li-ion), nickel metal hydride battery (Ni-MH)) and form factors (e.g. flow batteries for stationary grid storage, polymer electrolytes for vehicles and personal devices). Applications for electric batteries include electrified road and air transport, smartphones and personal electronic devices, medical devices and grid energy storage.
Green, Blue hydrogen and ammonia involve production, storage, distribution and use of hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) for heat and electricity generation. Hydrogen and ammonia are potential low or zero emission, zero-carbon alternatives to fossil fuels and electric batteries. Applications for hydrogen and ammonia include energy storage and as a fuel source for aviation and marine transport, long distance road transport and heating.
Nuclear energy, including cost-saving nuclear technologies and Small Modular Reactors. Applications include energy production for self-contained and/or remote uses, such as space travel, submarines, scientific research and medical isotope production.
Nuclear waste management aims safely dispose of, or reuse or reprocess radioactive waste products from medical, industrial and research practices, i.e. converting radioactive liquid waste into synthetic rock to minimise leeching, and reprocessing spent radioactive fuel for use in long-life, low-power batteries. Applications include environmental protection and extending the useful life of nuclear material.
Photovoltaics convert solar energy into electricity using layers of semiconductor materials. Applications for photovoltaics include low-emissions power stations, rooftop solar power, spacecraft and personal electronics.
Supercapacitors can store large amounts of energy in small volumes. Supercapacitors store less energy and for shorter durations than rechargeable batteries, but can accumulate and deliver charge much faster than rechargeable batteries, and tolerate many more charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries before performance degrades. Applications for supercapacitors include regenerative braking, smartphones and personal electronic devices, grid energy storage and defence.

QUANTUM & AI
Post-quantum cryptography is based on mathematical techniques for ensuring that information stays private, authentic, while resisting attacks by both quantum and non-quantum computers. The leading application for post-quantum cryptography is securing online communications against attacks using quantum computers. Because quantum computers can efficiently solve the ‘hard’ mathematical problems we currently rely on to protect online communications.
Quantum communications (including quantum key distribution) allow to communicate quantum information at a distance, including cryptographic keys. Applications for quantum communications include transferring information between quantum computers and sharing cryptographic keys (which are like secret passwords) between distant people in a way that means it is impossible for anyone else to copy.
Quantum computing deploys algorithms that depend directly on quantum mechanical properties and effects to perform computations to solve particular types of problems much faster than existing computers, including problems that are not practical to solve using even the most powerful classical computers imaginable. Applications for quantum computing accurately simulating chemical and biological processes, revealing secret communications, machine learning and efficiently optimising very complex systems.
Quantum sensors utilise quantum mechanical properties and effects for high precision and high sensitivity measurements. Applications for quantum sensors include enhanced imaging, passive navigation, remote sensing, quantum radar, and threat detection for defence.
Photonic sensors use light to detect changes in the environment or in materials. Applications for photonic sensors are broad, ranging from mainstream photography, through to sensors for environments where electrical or chemical based sensors are impractical or unreliable, such as laser based gas sensors to detect explosive materials or flexible photonic sensors embedded inside the human body to monitor bodily processes.

SPACE, ROBOTICS, TRANSPORTATION
Advanced aircraft engines (including hypersonics) enable greater speed, range, and fuel-efficiency for aerial vehicles. Examples include hypersonic technologies such as ramjet and scramjet engines that allow aircraft and weapons to travel beyond Mach 5.
Advanced robotics are capable of performing complex manual tasks usually performed by humans, including by teaming with humans and/or self-assembling to adapt to new or changed environments, such as industry and manufacturing, defence and public safety, and healthcare and household tasks.
Civil autonomous systems technologies deliver machines that can independently perform tasks under limited direction or guidance by a human operator in passenger and freight transport, un crewed underwater vehicles, industrial robots, public safety and defence.
Drones, swarming and collaborative robots cover air, ground, surface and underwater vehicles and robots that can achieve goals with limited or no human direction, or collaborate to achieve common goals in a self-organising swarm. Applications for drones, swarming and collaborative robots include public safety, environmental monitoring, agriculture, logistics, and defence.
Small satellites are relatively low mass and size, usually mass under 500 kg and no larger than a domestic refrigerator or washing machine. Applications for small satellites include lower-cost earth observation constellations and wide area communications networks.
Space launch systems (including launch vehicles and supporting infrastructure) that are used transport payloads—such as satellites or spacecraft—from the surface of the Earth to space safely, reliably and cost-effectively. Applications for space launch systems include launching defence, commercial, and scientific and research payloads into earth orbit.

CHALLENGE-BASED INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION
However, some projects may not fall directly within the areas covered by the agreement, thus narrowing the impact of the deal. To ensure the funding streams remain available for the broader array of private and public sector actors, allowing preferential treatment of projects aimed to addressing shared concerns, even if formally falling outside of the scope of original agreement.

Forging Closer Alignment


HARMONISED EXPORT CONTROLS REGIME
Since the agreement covers highly sensitive technologies and contains provisions pertaining to vital public services that may require export controls, the Member Sates agree to fully align their respective regimes. This necessaries a common information-sharing network between national security on trade bodies, with real-time flow of data and maximum transparency. Thus, no party shall grant and export permit to a legal entity for a product, asset - such as intellectual property - or service that have been explicitly denied a similar permit by another Member State, unless otherwise agreed by the parties concerned. All participating jurisdictions also oblige to notify all other Member Sates when issuing export permits, and suspending previously issued authorisations upon a request from another member country for further examination.
With a fully aligned exports regime, signature parties agree to suspend all limitations - unless otherwise agreed - for legal entities that may require a permit for a non third country, focusing on monitoring and sharing information about enemies, assets, products, and services concerned. Proper alignment also allows for for implied exchanges in human and intellectual capital, as well as accumulated expertise in the private sector across the Member Sate companies.
Notably, the export control alignment also applies to the movement of talent across Member States, committing national governments to maintaining a shared regime on both screening of potential human assets, as well as placing restrictions on the movement of potential persons or groups of interest.
This clause largely aims to alleging Member Countries with the United States' ban on American citizens working for Chinese semiconductor enterprises, while also helping member states to identify potential persons of interest in third countries.

PROCUREMENT COOPERATION
Despite committing to non-discrimination of foreign companies when it comes to public procurement, both Canada, the United Sates, and the United Kingdom have actively shilled their defence procurement and other sectors deemed important for national security.
However, as all Member States more closely align their export control regimes, the agreement also aims to level the playing filed, which would mainly intel accessing defence contracts and military procurement. Firstly, brings the principle of certification equivalence into play: a company that has obtained security clearance to participate in a defence or critical procurement project in one Member State can use that certificate for bids in all other countries, thus avoiding unnecessary duplication. Other member states however retain the right to request additional clearance or for the company to re-apply under their restive national procedure if the nature of the project involves is more sensitive, focuses on the field the company has not had clearance for, or if there's a reason to believe that company may pose higher security risk in different member state.
The parties also commit to prioritise applications and bids from Small & Medium Sized companies, and jointly support a diverse set of military contractors in every country through joint programmes and cross-border financing. The agreement also obliges defence procurement agencies to expelling security clearance and give the first priority to SMEs, defined as companies with less than 500 employees. National procurement agencies also commit to facilitating innovation delusion across the Member States, including through explicit authorisation for information and technology, as well as human capital sharing, among bidders for contracts.
All Member Sates also commit to facilitate scale-up funding and intellectual property acquisition when it comes to business assistance. Thus, national investment authorities, such as the British Business Bank, US Small Business Administration, Canada Growth Fund, and other business assistance bodies shall treat public investment projects into other Member States on par with their domestic markets, including equal access for companies operating in signature jurisdictions. The agreement also specifically outlines cooperation between the Advanced Research & Innovation Canada, the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency in the United States, and Advanced Research and Invention Agency in the UK through permitting liberalised flow of human capital, intellectual property, and financial recourses, while committing those agencies to treating projects across member nations equally to their own domestic market.
The agreement also commits Member States at spend at least 5 per cent of their GDP on innovation policy, through public and defence procurement, business assistance, and tex credits.

R&D FRIEND-SHORING & SHARING
The proposal includes much closer cooperation between the parties when it comes to friend-shoring R&D, and reducing the block's dependence on both foreign expertise and technology. This would see Member Sates granting automatic domestic student status to anyone who is pursuing postgraduate eduction in one or more countries of the block, including the right to work in their field upon graduation in any member country, on the reciprocal basis. The Member Countries take it upon themselves to provide reciprocal access to postgraduate eduction and employment that is equivalent to that of their domestic students to anyone who has received their undergraduate eduction another member state, unless precluded by security concerns.
Additionally, each Member State shall mandate a certain percentage of their post-secondary support to be allocated for a new type of Partnership Scholarships & Grants. PSGs allow to for preferential treatment of research projects that are being conducted by individuals from several Member States jointly, including guaranteed full reimbursement of the research-affiliated costs and support for the cost of living. The programme also provides for funding whenever a postgraduate student decides to complete their eduction or research in more than one Member State. Notably, the programme also provides funding for research internships for current students and graduates, so long the internship takes place either with a company that operates outside of a Member State but remains incorporated within the alliance, or requires travelling to a different Member Sate, with respective costs covered by PSGs. Reattach institutions and private employers are free to apply for funding that shall cover up to 100 per cent of the cost of those kinds of internship, so long they hire a postgraduate student graduating from a Member Country, with the pay grade above the national poverty line. Employment authorisation requirements shall also be waived.
All signatories also guarantee an "immigration backstop" procedure, allowing those who participated in PSGs to obtain the right to remain in at least one the countries of the member states permanently.
PSGs also provide for the "domestic treatment" of research projects across Member Sates, allowing both individuals and research institutions seek funding through the Partnership Scholarships and Grants as well as other public funding channels. The agreement however, explicitly guarantees both researchers and institutions the right to be treated as domestic entries when submitting their applications regardless of which Member Sate they primary reside in.

SHARED INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES
The deal provides for a joint Technology Intelligence & Assessment Centre to be launched by Member States as own standalone institution dedicated to monitoring critical technology development in third countries. TIAC also focuses on developing new intelligence capabilities when it comes to assessing third countries' innovation capabilities, including their capacity for monopolising critical technology fields, as well as the potential for engaging into technological espionage. The Centre is tasked with not only developing offensive capabilities, but also boosting the Member States' ability to detect and remove potential vulnerabilities in critical supply chains and R&D.
The proposal also allows for a more structured approach to communication with the public, through Member Sates agencies directly learning from each other's engagement startles and communicating with both the private sector and individuals on the importance of critical technologies and assets. While also promoting open-source intelligence sharing through joint analytical programmes and cross-departmental collaboration.

Impact on Domestic Politics

Canadian federal politics have been fairly polarised recently, especially following the Liberals' third in the row victory without winning majority in the popular vote. Initial in-action of there government has cause further sliding in Liberal approval ratings, as Canada aimed to secretly negative its entry in AUKUS.
However, the House has seen a rare moment of unity, as the Government present their agreement with Canberra, London, and Washington, following by the foreign influence registry, as well as new defence spending targets. Surprisingly, the latter item has seen the left-leaning NDP also supporting the motion, as Liberals has committed to massively increase spending on veterans and humanitarian assistance.
Public reaction for far has been fairly mixed, as Canadians remain fairly sceptical of an idea of more defence spending, yet much more amenable. Notably, the government had to explicitly rule out the idea of new nuclear capabilities to be located in Quebec, citing the province's long-standing opposition to foreign nuclear deterrence among French Canadians.

Acknowledgements

submitted by Dan_Stainberg to Geosim [link] [comments]


2023.06.11 00:48 sharnoo29 For all cleaners out there! My rental has these nasty stainless cook tops. I’ve let this sit for hours and scrubbed my heart out. Still these black marks won’t budge. Any tips/tricks? Product recommendations?

For all cleaners out there! My rental has these nasty stainless cook tops. I’ve let this sit for hours and scrubbed my heart out. Still these black marks won’t budge. Any tips/tricks? Product recommendations? submitted by sharnoo29 to newzealand [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 23:29 Dolewhip_and_Kawaii Starting to build my collection, which sizes/colors should I stick with?

A girl can dream about finding the chiffon pink, but I'll be investing a few pieces in the shell pink (4 qt round, 2 qt heart cocotte, and 2 qt flower cocotte) and want to mainly stick to soft tones.
As of now I'm a lonely solo making small meals like a cup of oatmeal at a time or heating up food on a daily basis and am heavily reliant on my stove and oven as I have no microwave but I am also thinking in terms of soups, hosting/entertaining and for future purposes as well as I love to cook/bake.
Originally wanted to add a large (6 3/4 or 8 quart) oval oven in shallot, however upon looking at it in person I didn't like the color AT ALL as it seemed to look more lavender than I thought it would be and looks like it could clash with my mainly pink collection which I hope to grow.
What other colors and sizes would compliment my soon to be home pieces the best? I was originally thinking maybe a sauce pot, rice cooker, bread oven in white/marble/meringue colors?
submitted by Dolewhip_and_Kawaii to LeCreuset [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 23:12 LuminaryDarkSider Brave New World with an Hanna-Barbera Twist (ChatGPT helped here)

TLDR: what if the The Flintstones and The Jetsons exist in the same world at the same time, but separated not by time, but rather a caste system that similar in nature to Brave New World. I've had this notion since I read Brave New World when I was 11 and ChatGPT has helped me flush out the idea, anyone who wishes to expand upon this is welcome.
The Flintstones and The Jetsons exist in the same world, with The Flintstones representing a lower caste living in a reservation-like environment while The Jetsons represent a higher caste living in a technologically advanced society: 1. Socioeconomic Divide: In both The Flintstones and The Jetsons, there is a clear socioeconomic divide. The Flintstones depict a primitive Stone Age society where the characters live in modest stone houses and rely on animals for technology. On the other hand, The Jetsons portray a futuristic world where the characters reside in elaborate skyscrapers and enjoy advanced technology. This stark contrast in living conditions suggests a significant disparity between the two groups. 2. Limited Mobility: The Flintstones are depicted as being geographically confined to the Stone Age setting, often referred to as Bedrock. They have no access to advanced technology or the ability to travel beyond their prehistoric surroundings. In contrast, The Jetsons live high above the ground, relying on flying cars and other futuristic means of transportation. Their ability to move freely and explore different locations indicates a greater level of privilege and access. 3.Technological Advancement: The Jetsons possess highly advanced technology that simplifies their daily lives, such as robotic helpers, flying cars, and instant food preparation. In contrast, The Flintstones rely on rudimentary tools and animals for their day-to-day tasks. The stark difference in technological capabilities further supports the idea of a segregated society, with The Jetsons benefiting from advanced technology while The Flintstones are left behind. 4. Social Stratification: The Flintstones and The Jetsons both exhibit clear social hierarchies. In Brave New World, social classes are rigidly divided, with each caste having predetermined roles and functions. Similarly, The Flintstones' society resembles a lower caste living in a simpler, less technologically advanced state, while The Jetsons represent a higher caste enjoying the benefits of futuristic advancements. This parallel suggests that both shows explore the concept of caste systems, albeit in a less explicitly dystopian manner than in Brave New World.
  1. Fred Flintstone - John (The Savage): Both Fred Flintstone and John are portrayed as individuals who question and challenge the norms of their respective societies. They exhibit a sense of individuality and struggle to conform to the rigid expectations placed upon them.
  2. Wilma Flintstone - Lenina Crowne: Wilma Flintstone, like Lenina Crowne, can be seen as a character who represents the ideals of her society. They both adhere to the societal norms and expectations placed upon them, although they might experience occasional moments of questioning or rebellion.
  3. Barney Rubble - Bernard Marx: Barney Rubble and Bernard Marx share similarities in their experiences of feeling like outsiders in their respective societies. They both struggle with their self-perception and seek validation or a sense of belonging.
  4. Betty Rubble - Fanny Crowne: Betty Rubble and Fanny Crowne can be linked in the sense that they embody the conventional values and expectations of their societies. They are portrayed as adhering to social norms and being content with their assigned roles.
  5. George Jetson - Mustapha Mond: George Jetson, as the patriarch of the Jetson family, can be compared to Mustapha Mond, the World Controller in Brave New World. Both characters hold positions of authority within their respective societies and are responsible for upholding the established order.
  6. Jane Jetson - Linda Lysenko: Jane Jetson and Linda Lysenko share similarities as wives and mothers who navigate their roles within their respective societies. They are depicted as conforming to societal expectations while also experiencing occasional moments of dissatisfaction or longing for something different.
  7. Elroy Jetson - Reuben Rabinovitch: Elroy Jetson and Reuben Rabinovitch can be seen as young characters who are curious and have a potential for challenging the status quo. Although their roles and circumstances are different, both characters exhibit a certain level of intellectual curiosity.
    --- Main Story.
In a distant future, Earth is divided into two distinct societies: the advanced and technologically superior world of the Jetsons and the primitive reservation-like society of the Flintstones. However, these societies are not separate entities but rather different levels within the same global structure.
The Jetsons, residing high above in their futuristic utopia, are part of an elite caste that enjoys all the comforts and conveniences of advanced technology. Their lives are carefully controlled, with social roles predetermined and individuality suppressed. Soma, a potent substance, keeps the Jetsons docile and content.
Unbeknownst to the Jetsons, their society is intricately linked to the existence of the Flintstones. The Flintstones, representing a lower caste, live in a secluded area called Bedrock, akin to a reservation. They are intentionally kept in a primitive state by the ruling class, who view them as a source of nostalgia and a reminder of the past.
The protagonist, Fred Flintstone, becomes disillusioned with his confined existence and yearns for something more. Through a series of events, Fred discovers a hidden passage that connects Bedrock to the Jetsons' world. Intrigued, he ventures into the futuristic society, where he encounters George Jetson, who secretly questions the monotony of his life.
Fred and George form an unlikely alliance, determined to uncover the truth about their shared world. They navigate the complexities of their respective societies, exposing the dark underbelly of control, manipulation, and inequality. Along the way, they encounter other characters from both worlds who struggle with their roles and seek freedom.
As their journey progresses, Fred and George learn about the origin of their society, discovering that it was intentionally engineered by a powerful ruling class to maintain control and prevent societal upheaval. They face moral dilemmas, make alliances, and confront the harsh realities of their world.
Together, Fred and George rally the disillusioned members of both societies, initiating a revolution that challenges the oppressive systems in place. Their goal is to bridge the gap between the castes, dismantle the control mechanisms, and allow for individuality, choice, and genuine human connections.
The story culminates in a climactic confrontation between the ruling class and the united forces of the Jetsons and the Flintstones. Themes of rebellion, sacrifice, and the search for true freedom resonate throughout the narrative, as characters from both worlds join forces to shape a new society where individuality and humanity can thrive.
As the revolution gains momentum, resistance spreads throughout both the Jetsons and Flintstones societies. The characters from both worlds start to question the predefined roles assigned to them and challenge the oppressive systems that have kept them divided.
Wilma Flintstone and Jane Jetson form a powerful alliance, embodying the strength and determination of women in their fight for freedom and equality. Together, they inspire others to break free from their prescribed roles and contribute to the movement.
Meanwhile, Elroy Jetson and Pebbles Flintstone, two young and curious individuals, uncover a hidden truth about the origins of their world. They stumble upon ancient documents that reveal a forgotten history, exposing the manipulative tactics used by the ruling class to create and maintain the caste-based society.
As the revolution gains traction, the ruling class retaliates, using their technological prowess to suppress the uprising. They deploy their advanced gadgets and employ psychological tactics to suppress the rebellion and maintain their grip on power.
However, Fred and George, driven by their determination and the hope for a better future, rally their comrades and develop ingenious strategies to counter the ruling class. They leverage the primitive yet resourceful skills of the Flintstones and the innovative technology of the Jetsons to outwit their oppressors.
The battle reaches its climax as the revolutionaries breach the fortified barriers between the two worlds. The Flintstones and Jetsons unite, demonstrating that their shared humanity and resilience are more powerful than any technological advantage the ruling class possesses.
In a final showdown, the revolutionaries expose the truth to the masses, revealing the manipulations and lies that have perpetuated their divided existence. The people, awakened to the possibilities of genuine freedom and self-determination, rise up as a collective force.
Together, they dismantle the oppressive structures and establish a new society that embraces the values of individuality, compassion, and cooperation. The remnants of the ruling class are held accountable for their actions, and measures are put in place to prevent the reemergence of a caste-based system.
The story concludes with the Flintstones and Jetsons, once separated by a vast divide, now living together in a harmonious society that integrates the best aspects of both worlds. The triumph of the revolution signals a new era where the potential of humanity is unlocked, free from the shackles of an oppressive past.
In the aftermath of the revolution, the integrated society of former Flintstones and Jetsons faces the daunting task of rebuilding and redefining their world. They embark on a collective effort to establish a fair and just governance system that safeguards individual freedoms while promoting equality and mutual respect.
Drawing upon the wisdom and experiences of both the Flintstones and the Jetsons, the new society embraces a balanced approach to progress and technology. They recognize the importance of preserving the simplicity and connection to nature from the Flintstones' world, while also harnessing the transformative power of advanced technology from the Jetsons' world to enhance their quality of life.
Education becomes a cornerstone of the new society, fostering critical thinking, creativity, and empathy. The people strive to learn from the mistakes of their past and actively work to cultivate an inclusive and compassionate culture that values diversity and encourages open dialogue.
Fred and George, as respected figures who played pivotal roles in the revolution, assume leadership positions to guide the transitional period. With their shared experiences and understanding of both worlds, they become advocates for unity, collaboration, and the continuous pursuit of a better future for all.
The new society also recognizes the importance of honoring and preserving their history. They establish museums and cultural centers that celebrate the unique heritage of both the Flintstones and the Jetsons, fostering a sense of identity and connection to their collective past.
Over time, the integrated society flourishes, with advancements in technology and social progress benefiting all its inhabitants. Collaboration and cooperation become the norm, as individuals from diverse backgrounds work together to address the challenges that arise.
However, the memory of the oppressive past remains a reminder of the fragility of freedom. The society remains vigilant, nurturing a culture that values individual rights, personal growth, and community well-being. They understand that maintaining a balance between technological advancement and human connection is crucial for the longevity and sustainability of their newfound harmony.
The story concludes with a sense of hope and optimism for the future, as the integrated society of former Flintstones and Jetsons embraces their shared humanity and collective potential. They stand as a testament to the resilience and transformative power of individuals coming together to challenge the status quo and shape a brighter world for generations to come.
As time passes, the integrated society of former Flintstones and Jetsons thrives, embracing the principles of equality, freedom, and harmony. Their collective journey becomes an inspiration for neighboring societies still grappling with similar issues of oppression and social stratification.
The integrated society reaches out to these neighboring communities, sharing their experiences and offering support and guidance in dismantling oppressive systems. Through peaceful exchange and dialogue, they foster a network of interconnected societies committed to building a more equitable and inclusive world.
As the integrated society continues to evolve, they recognize the importance of sustainable practices and environmental stewardship. They invest in clean energy technologies, conservation efforts, and the restoration of natural habitats, working hand in hand with the land and embracing a more balanced relationship with their environment.
Culture and the arts flourish in this integrated society, as creativity and expression are celebrated and valued. Artists from various backgrounds collaborate to weave together the rich tapestry of their shared heritage, creating works that reflect their journey and inspire future generations.
Education remains a cornerstone of their society, evolving to meet the changing needs and challenges of the world. They prioritize comprehensive education that nurtures critical thinking, empathy, and global citizenship. By empowering individuals with knowledge and fostering a lifelong love of learning, they ensure the continuous growth and progress of their society.
Throughout the integrated society, there is a deep sense of community and interconnectedness. Social support systems are strengthened, and individuals actively participate in civic life, contributing their unique skills and perspectives to the betterment of society as a whole. Collaboration and cooperation are not just buzzwords but integral values that guide their interactions and decision-making processes.
Fred and George, who played pivotal roles in the revolution, gradually transition from positions of formal leadership to become respected elders and mentors. They pass on their wisdom and experiences, helping to shape future generations and ensuring the continuity of the society's principles and values.
As the story comes to a close, it is evident that the integrated society of former Flintstones and Jetsons has created a lasting legacy. Their journey from oppression to liberation serves as a beacon of hope for other societies, inspiring them to challenge existing systems and envision a future where all individuals can thrive.
The story ultimately highlights the transformative power of unity, empathy, and the shared pursuit of a more just and compassionate world. It reminds us that the strength of humanity lies not in our divisions but in our ability to overcome them, forging new paths towards a future defined by cooperation, respect, and the celebration of our shared humanity.
With the integrated society of former Flintstones and Jetsons serving as a shining example of progress and unity, their influence begins to spread far and wide. The neighboring societies that once struggled with oppression and inequality are inspired by their success and embark on their own journeys of transformation.
Leaders from these neighboring societies seek guidance and collaboration with the integrated society, recognizing the wisdom and experience they possess. Through partnerships and exchange programs, knowledge is shared, and cooperative efforts are established to address systemic issues and foster sustainable development.
Together, these societies form an alliance, known as the United World Coalition, committed to creating a global community that upholds the principles of equality, justice, and environmental stewardship. They work collaboratively on a range of initiatives, including eradicating poverty, ensuring universal access to quality education and healthcare, and promoting cultural diversity and inclusivity.
The United World Coalition becomes a powerful force for positive change, advocating for the rights of marginalized communities and challenging oppressive systems wherever they exist. By leveraging their collective resources and expertise, they actively work towards creating a world free from discrimination, prejudice, and social inequality.
As the Coalition expands its influence, it faces resistance from those who seek to maintain the status quo and perpetuate division. However, their shared vision and unwavering determination allow them to overcome these obstacles, forging a path towards a more equitable and sustainable future.
In this global movement, Fred and George, revered as visionary leaders, assume vital roles in guiding the United World Coalition. Their experiences and wisdom earned from the revolution serve as a guiding light for this unprecedented endeavor, inspiring unity and collective action on a global scale.
Through ongoing collaboration and the exchange of ideas, the member societies of the United World Coalition continue to learn from one another, adapting their policies and practices to foster greater harmony and prosperity. They prioritize the well-being of all people and the preservation of the planet, recognizing the interconnectedness of social, economic, and environmental issues.
As the Coalition progresses, they leverage advancements in technology and innovation to tackle complex challenges. Sustainable energy solutions, responsible resource management, and breakthroughs in healthcare and agriculture become key focal points, ensuring the well-being of present and future generations.
Education remains at the heart of the Coalition's mission, with a renewed emphasis on fostering critical thinking, empathy, and global citizenship. By equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate an ever-changing world, they empower them to actively participate in shaping their communities and contribute to the greater good.
As the story concludes, the United World Coalition stands as a testament to the transformative power of unity and collaboration. Their collective efforts have created a world where societal divisions have been replaced by a shared sense of humanity, where differences are celebrated, and where everyone has an equal opportunity to thrive.
The integrated society of former Flintstones and Jetsons, once confined to their own worlds, played a crucial role in igniting a global movement towards a more just and sustainable future. Their journey from oppressive systems to a harmonious and inclusive society became the catalyst for change, inspiring countless individuals and communities to join the collective effort.
The story leaves us with a profound sense of hope, reminding us that by transcending divisions and embracing our shared humanity, we have the power to shape a world where equality, freedom, and compassion prevail. It is a testament to the enduring spirit of humanity and the boundless potential that lies within us all.
..End of Line
submitted by LuminaryDarkSider to FictionWriting [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 21:07 Joadzilla Ted Kaczynski, ‘Unabomber’ Who Attacked Modern Life, Dies at 81

Alone in a shack in the Montana wilderness, he fashioned homemade bombs and launched a violent one-man campaign to destroy industrial society.
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/10/us/ted-kaczynski-dead.html
Theodore J. Kaczynski, the so-called Unabomber, who attacked academics, businessmen and random civilians with homemade bombs from 1978 to 1995, killing three people and injuring 23 with the stated goal of bringing about the collapse of the modern social order — a violent spree that ended after what was often described as the longest and most costly manhunt in American history — died on Saturday in a federal prison medical center in Butner, N.C. He was 81.
A spokesman for the Federal Bureau of Prisons said Mr. Kaczynski was found unresponsive in his cell early in the morning. The cause of death was not immediately known.
In December 2021, the Bureau of Prisons announced that Mr. Kaczynski had been transferred to a federal prison medical facility.
Mr. Kaczynski traced a path that was singular in American life: lonely boy genius to Harvard-trained star of pure mathematics to rural recluse to notorious murderer to imprisoned extremist.
In the public eye, he fused a rare mix of styles of violence: the periodic targeting of the demented serial killer and the ideological fanaticism of the terrorist.
After he was captured by about 40 F.B.I. agents, the details of that ideology were less the subject of debate than the question of whether his crimes should be dignified with a rational motive to begin with.
Victims railed against commentators who took seriously a 35,000-word manifesto that Mr. Kaczynski wrote to justify his actions and evangelize the ideas that he claimed inspired them.
Psychologists involved in the trial saw his writing as evidence of schizophrenia. His lawyers tried to mount an insanity defense — and when Mr. Kaczynski rebelled and sought to represent himself in court, risking execution to do so, his lawyers said that was yet further evidence of insanity.
For years before the manifesto was published, Mr. Kaczynski (pronounced kah-ZIN-skee) had no reputation beyond that of a twisted reveler in violence, picking victims seemingly at random, known only by a mysterious-sounding nickname with roots in the F.B.I.’s investigation into him: “the Unabomber.” It became widely publicized that some of his victims lost their fingers while opening a package bomb. Going through the mail, among the unconscious routines of daily life, prompted flickers of nervousness in many Americans.
After his arrest in April 1996, Mr. Kaczynski’s extraordinary biography emerged. He had scored 167 on an I.Q. test as a boy and entered Harvard at 16. In graduate school, at the University of Michigan, he worked in a field of mathematics so esoteric that a member of his dissertation committee estimated that only 10 or 12 people in the country understood it. By 25, he was an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
Then he dropped out — not just from Berkeley, but from civilization. Starting in 1971 and continuing until his arrest, he lived in a shack he built himself in rural Montana. He forsook running water, read by the light of homemade candles, stopped filing federal tax returns and subsisted on rabbits.
Mr. Kaczynski’s manifesto — published, under the threat of continued violence, jointly by The New York Times and The Washington Post in 1995 — argued that damage to the environment and the alienating effects of technology were so heinous that the social and industrial underpinnings of modern life should be destroyed.
The vast majority of Americans determined the moment they heard of the Unabomber that he must be a psychopath, and while he was front-page news his text did not generally find receptive readers outside a tiny fringe of the environmental movement. The term “Unabomber” entered popular discourse as shorthand for the type of brainy misfit who might harbor terrifying impulses.
Yet political change and the passage of time caused some to see Mr. Kaczynski in a new light. His manifesto accorded centrality to a healthy environment without mentioning global warming; it warned about the dangers of people becoming “dependent” on technology while making scant reference to the internet. To young people afflicted by social media anomie and fearful of climate doom, Mr. Kaczynski seemed to wield a predictive power that outstripped the evidence available to him.
In 2017 and 2020, Netflix released new documentaries about Mr. Kaczynski. He maintained postal correspondence with thousands of people — journalists, students and die-hard supporters. In 2018, Wired magazine announced “the Unabomber’s odd and furious online revival,” and New York magazine called him “an unlikely prophet to a new generation of acolytes.”
Becoming ‘the Unabomber’
Mr. Kaczynski’s infamous label came from “UNABOM,” the F.B.I.’s code for university and airline and bombing. That designation was inspired by his first targets, from 1978 to 1980: academics at Northwestern University, the president of United Airlines and the passengers of a flight from Chicago to Washington. The victims suffered cuts, burns and smoke inhalation. Authorities were aided in connecting several early attacks by the fact that the mysterious initials “FC” had been engraved on the bombs or spray-painted near the explosions.
The Unabomber struck one to four times a year for most years until 1987, when he left a bomb at a computer store in Salt Lake City. A woman remembered making eye contact with the man who dropped off the package that later exploded, and soon a sketch was publicized of a mustachioed suspect wearing sunglasses and a hoodie.
Six years passed without an attack. Then, in June 1993, the Unabomber struck twice during the same week.
Packages containing bombs arrived at the home of Charles Epstein, a geneticist at the University of California San Francisco, and at the office of David Gelernter, a computer scientist at Yale University. Each man lost multiple fingers. Mr. Epstein sustained permanent hearing loss; Mr. Gelernter, whose office burst into flames, bled nearly to the point of death and lost much of the vision in his right eye.
The Unabomber was growing in infamy and deadliness even as his motives became harder to parse. His first fatality, in 1985, was Hugh Scrutton, an owner of a Sacramento computer store who was engaged to be married. Between December 1994 and April 1995, he killed two more men, seemingly with no relation to Mr. Scrutton or to each other: a New Jersey advertising executive and a lobbyist for the California forestry industry. The adman, Thomas Mosser, was married with three children. The lobbyist, Gilbert Murray, was married with two children. He was so mutilated in the blast that his family was permitted to see him only from the knees down as a farewell.
It was that April, the same month as Mr. Murray’s killing, when the nameless terrorist unveiled an identity. Writing on behalf of “the terrorist group FC” — which, he explained, stood for “Freedom Club” — the Unabomber sent The New York Times a letter offering a “bargain.” He promised to stop hurting people — though not to stop attacking property — in exchange for getting a long article about his ideas published in a major periodical.
In June, The Times and The Washington Post received a 35,000-word manuscript. Citing a recommendation from the F.B.I. and the Department of Justice, the papers took the Unabomber’s offer. They split the cost of printing the essay, titled “Industrial Society and Its Future,” which The Post distributed online and as an eight-page supplement with the Sept. 19 print paper.
The manifesto claimed that the current organization of society gives “politicians, corporation executives and remote, anonymous technicians and bureaucrats” control over “the life-and-death issues of one’s existence.” That makes modern people depressed, unlike “primitive man,” who gained satisfaction from determining his own “life-and-death issues” and found “a sense of security” in what the Unabomber called “WILD nature.”
The Unabomber justified his murderous campaign on the grounds that it got “our message before the public with some chance of making a lasting impression.”
The unique circumstances of the manifesto’s distribution — in The New Yorker, the writer William Finnegan called it “the most extraordinary manuscript submission in the history of publishing” — prompted a debate about the ethics of broadcasting a terrorist’s views. The publicity seemed vindicated, however, after news of the Unabomber reached Linda Patrik, an associate philosophy professor vacationing in Paris. At first jokingly, then insistently, she told her husband that the manifesto reminded her of what he had said about his eccentric loner brother.
Ms. Patrik’s husband was David Kaczynski. When he read the manifesto online, his “jaw dropped,” he later told The Times. The language was reminiscent of letters Ted had written to David. He soon reached out to authorities.
Since 1979, an F.B.I. team that grew to more than 150 full-time investigators, analysts and others had gone through tens of thousands of leads without getting close to a real suspect. After hearing from David Kaczynski, authorities zeroed in on a 10-by-12-foot wooden shack in rural Montana. The area was so remote that during an 18-day stakeout, one agent saw a cougar kill a deer.
The home had two windows set on high; they caught light but kept the home hidden. Agents could not see inside. On April 3, 1996, one of them shouted that a forest ranger needed help. A thin, shaggy man emerged from the cabin. He was grabbed from both sides.
Life and Afterlife of a ‘Walking Brain’
Theodore John Kaczynski was born in Chicago on May 22, 1942. His father, Theodore Richard Kaczynski, worked at his family’s business, Kaczynski’s Sausages, a factory on the city’s South Side. His mother, Wanda (Dombek) Kaczynski, was a homemaker. They both descended from Polish immigrant families in the Chicago area, dropped out of high school to work and obtained diplomas at night school. By all accounts, they were gregarious, kind, diligent and thoughtful. Each sent letters to newspapers in support of progressive causes.
From boyhood, Teddy, as he was known, felt his brilliance to be alienating. When his aunt visited, his father asked, “Why don’t you have some conversation with your aunt?” Teddy replied, “Why should I? She wouldn’t understand me anyway.”
In school, he skipped two grades. He later blamed his parents for seeming to prize and cultivate his intellect over his emotions.
“He was never really seen as a person, as an individual personality,” a high school classmate, Loren De Young, told The Times. “He was always regarded as a walking brain.”
At Harvard, Teddy lived in Eliot House, home to the clubbiest and brawniest of the school’s white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, including the varsity crew team. Clad in a tacky plaid sports jacket, Teddy would enter his suite and stride past his roommates wordlessly, then open the door to his room — wafting the odor of rotting food — and slam it shut.
He went straight from college to graduate school in Michigan. His department would learn about new work of his by discovering, without any advance notice, his papers published in respected journals. “It was as if he could write poetry while the rest of us were trying to learn grammar,” Joel Shapiro, a fellow student, later told The Times.
Mr. Kaczynski arrived at Berkeley in 1967. He taught by lecturing from the textbook and did not answer questions. Yet he continued publishing distinguished work and received a promotion in the math department. Two years later he resigned, without explaining the decision to his colleagues.
The Kaczynski brothers split the cost of the property in Montana, then had a falling-out when David got engaged in 1989. After Ted’s arrest, New York Times reporters searched for friends of his in the seven states he was known to have lived in or visited. They found nobody. Some fellow students of his in graduate school said they were amazed to find they did not remember him at all. He was widely reported never to have had a romantic relationship.
During his Montana years, Mr. Kaczynski had the librarian in Lincoln, the town closest to his shack, obtain for him obscure volumes of science and literature, sometimes in the original German or Spanish. In an interview after his arrest with the British publication Green Anarchist, Mr. Kaczynski described inventing gods for himself, including a “Grandfather Rabbit” who was responsible for the existence of the snowshoe rabbits that were his main source of meat in the winter.
In the same interview, Mr. Kaczynski described how he felt goaded to violence. His favorite part of the wilderness had been a two-day hike from his shack — a plateau with steep ravines and a waterfall. In 1983, he found a road paved through it.
“You just can’t imagine how upset I was,” he said. “It was from that point on I decided that, rather than trying to acquire further wilderness skills, I would work on getting back at the system. Revenge.”
That was Mr. Kaczynski’s own narrative. Some details of his life indicated a predisposition to violence and an estrangement from the surrounding world that might also have accounted for his behavior. According to The Atlantic, Mr. Kaczynski had begun to imagine committing murder by the age of 27. In his diary, he described his bombs giving him catharsis. Though he broke ties with his brother, Ted said he would open David’s letters if the stamp was underlined as a sign of emergency. David wrote to say their father was dying and underlined the stamp.
“Ted wrote back, and the response was fairly peculiar,” David told The Times — “basically, that I had done well, that this was something worth communicating.”
At his super-maximum-security prison in Colorado, Mr. Kaczynski struck up friendships with inmates in neighboring cells: Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, who bombed the World Trade Center in 1993, and Timothy J. McVeigh, the Oklahoma City bomber. Mr. Kaczynski shared books and talked politics with them, and he got to know their birthdays, Yahoo News reported in 2016.
Mr. Kaczynski’s brother is his only immediate survivor.
Mr. Kaczynski’s terrorist strategy, and the ideas that he said undergirded it, enjoyed an afterlife few would have predicted in the 1990s.
The Norwegian news media reported that Anders Beivik, who killed dozens of people at government buildings and a youth summer camp in 2011, lifted passages from Mr. Kaczynski’s manifesto in a manifesto of his own. More curious was the way a variety of law-abiding Americans developed an interest in the same line of thought.
In 2017, the deputy editor of the conservative publication First Things, Elliot Milco, credited Mr. Kaczynski with “astute (even prophetic) insights.” In 2021, during an interview with the politician Andrew Yang, Tucker Carlson cited Mr. Kaczynski’s thinking in detail without any prompting.
Online, young people with a variety of partisan allegiances, or none at all, have developed an intricate vocabulary of half-ironic Unabomber support. They proclaim themselves “anti-civ” or #tedpilled; they refer to “Uncle Ted.” Videos on TikTok of Unabomber-related songs, voice-overs and dances have acquired millions of views, according to an article published in 2021 by The Baffler.
Mr. Kaczynski was no longer the mysterious killer who belatedly projected an outlandish justification for violence; now he was the originator of one of many styles of transgression and all-knowing condemnation to adopt online. His crimes lay in a past young people had never known, and he was imprisoned, no longer an active threat to society.
His online support did not indicate the number of newly minted eco-terrorists, but it did measure the prevalence of cynicism, boredom, dissatisfaction with modern life and gloom about its prospects for change.
During his imprisonment, Mr. Kaczynski copied his correspondence by hand and forwarded it to the University of Michigan’s Joseph A. Labadie Collection, an archive devoted to radical protest, which has amassed dozens of boxes of Kaczynskiana.
According to New York magazine, Mr. Kaczynski’s papers became one of the collection’s most popular offerings. In an interview with the magazine, Julie Herrada, the collection’s curator, declined to describe the people so intrigued by Mr. Kaczynski that they visit the library to look through his archive. She said just one thing: “Nobody seems crazy.”
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2023.06.10 20:49 IamParked Open Letter to Myatt's Fields Park Project (discrimination against volunteers)

Open Letter to Myatt's Fields Park Project (discrimination against volunteers)
To Myatt's Fields Park Project - Chair, Executives, Staff and Trustees,
when I was brought along to Myatt's by a neighbour in the summer 2022, I thought this might be a place where I can continue to heal while learning to deal with workplace related issues in a SAFE environment to re-learn getting back into work. I spent years isolated in traumatic grief and having had to look after my parents one-by-one until they deteriorated each with dementia and their own trauma and grief. Burying my dad next to my brother, never imagined I would not be able to bury my mum a few years later during the pandemic lockdown.
I thought I could get out of isolation, back into working with people in a safe place until I'm ready to get back into “proper” employment” again. I was wrong.
I have lost my family one by one over the last 8 years. My brother's death was extremely traumatic. And as this didn't seem enough for the universe, the pandemic had to hinder me burying my mum. Lost my job, am still unable to work without getting triggered of workplace bullying and anxiety attacks. Losing my mental health. Losing hope. Getting up with the end of my life on my mind and going to bed with the end of my life on my mind. Like in Ricky Gervais Netflix series “Afterlife” where he plays a widow who always keeps his “Superpower”, that if everything fails, he just skips out of life. I have nothing to lose anymore and live with my Superpower.
I made mistakes, tried to rectify it, but failed again. I understand that people everywhere are overwhelmed. Anybody's story of loss, trauma, sickness is uncomfortable for society and for people who are either healthy, in the middle of life, or successfully overcame trauma, loss and illness. And anyone who feels they dealt better with loss and trauma makes the mistake to compare themselves to other sufferers. Don't cross that line!
But the more grief and trauma one has, the more society wants them silent. I am not silent, I CAN'T be silent because of HOW everything unfolded and how I was left alone in the worst time of my life. No initial support, no help and the deep blackness of trauma.
A Stern Rebuke to a charity enlisting volunteers for “Well-being”
Are you Myatt's not embarrassed and ashamed of yourselves in how you treat, not only free labour (volunteers), but volunteers with mental and physical health issues? Are you not ashamed of yourselves? NOT inducting volunteers. NOT doing health and needs checks. And then quickly fixing things after it was called out by the very volunteer who is fncked up mentally, whoom you try to get rid of, and seems to care more about safety then all of you combined!
We current and former volunteers have NO rights like paid employees have. And the Myatt's Fields Park Project has been THE WORST volunteer experience in my life. Yes, you are THE MOST generous (trips, Sunday lunch, vegetables, teaching on plants etc.) which I mentioned in my other blog. But what is that if as a volunteer I feel my dignity stepped upon and for staff to not want me to be there as it's inconvenient for them?
I have volunteered most of my life since my late teens in different countries and many different projects: working with the homeless, with the elderly in art/painting sessions in nursing homes, helping support free services (free haircuts, manicures, meals) with dignity to sex workers and their children, free clean-ups after hurricane debris and fallen trees in people's yards etc. etc. etc.
The Myatt's Fields Park Project had me so hurt at times that my mental health took a nose-dive again. And for that I suffer further discrimination as if it was my fault feeling distressed! It has led me to the decision to never ever give my free time, skill, experience ever again to any charity or general project. I've had enough after years of volunteering and the last experience with Myatt's.
Are you not ashamed of yourselves to take advantage of volunteers while your staff sit for hours every week in the office in winter or the cool depot space in summer while volunteers outside labour away in the sun, cold and rain? Some who are a little older outside, unsupervised and in danger to suffer health issues. A stroke, heart attack etc. at an higher age can happen any time! Are you paid staff members not ashamed?!
Are you not ashamed of yourselves for bad-mouthing a paid colleague and even worse some volunteers, and also bad-mouthing volunteer to other volunteers?
Are you not ashamed to rush an elderly volunteer with walking difficulties on the day-trips to the point the volunteer couldn't sleep at night for fear they'd be late for the next trip, and then tell me as a volunteer who was concerned for the person that I should relax and not take control. Or as you all knew from the beginning that I have PTSD and triggers, that if I'm triggered that I should not come to trips. Are you not ashamed? Have you read the Equality Act on dignity?
The amount of times I was hurt in my dignity and another volunteer being stressed about Fab. talking for hours with most of us sitting there bored, in silence and getting headaches from the one-man show. Are you not ashamed?
Apathy on Safety Issues
When I pointed out serious health and safety concerns between summer 2022 and spring 2023:
Nails/screws sticking out of a shelf on eye-level, almost poking my eye when I put blue paper into the dispenser underneath the shelf, as we never had anything to dry our hands with and no staff member acting on these issues. Your 2 staff members (volunteer coordinator and greenhouse manager) just seeming clueless (or careless?), not even knowing where a tool box is upon request to pull the nails and screws out. Both staff who work at Myatt's one for 4 years, the other for 10 years and they tell me the don't know if Myatt's have a tool box! Me having to raise this with Tori again and bring my OWN hammer from home with the “fork” to pull out all the nails/screws in the presence of Tori.
I really did and do care that NO-ONE gets injured by things that can be avoided! You Myatt's fields executives can afford private health care, WE volunteers rely on the broken NHS if we get injured! I am currently not even climbing a 4 step-ladder to avoid any unnecessary accidents to not have to wait 5 hours to be seen in A&E. I REALLY care that people and myself don't get hurt! Do you? Or is all this just for show to look good with the government and sponsors? For me to raise for WEEKS that there's poo smeared on the public lady's toilet wall. Raising this with Ra. as the volunteer coordinator and my direct “line manager”, who as usual just guessed that this might be under Lambeth Council, but didn't action on it whatsoever.
Me not being inducted for a year, not knowing who's who and who to report things to! Four weeks later the poo still being there and yet AGAIN going to Ra's line manager Tori to find out how this can be removed as this is not only a health risk, but plainly disgusting! Only then I was informed to pass this on to the Park Manager El. who's now also the Health and Safety Manager / interim Director.
Then it got fixed. And only then I learnt who to go to for safety issues. I could of just ignored everything like you all do! What an inconvenience I am for Myatt's. Are you not ashamed that a volunteer cared more about safety issues than staff do? Pointing out to Tori several safety issues like blocked/hidden fire extinguishers. Tori didn't seem bothered too much either and asked me what could happen fire-wise there. As I was standing next to the fridges and freezers I pointed to those and reminded Tori that Grenfell Tower fire happened from a refrigerator. Her facial expression then showed that the penny finally dropped. To have to explain to upper leadership of Myatt's that ANYTHING can happen to ANYONE at ANYTIME for ANY reason is beyond me! And the absolute MINIMUM we can do is eliminate these safety issues I mention above and below.
The kitchen oven that started the fire alarm. The following week a person from the community cooked and approached Ra. that the oven needs cleaning as it could cause a fire. Ra. just with a “shrugging-shoulder” attitude as usual saying that a professional cleaner might have to come in, and that was that. No further action or passing it on to whoever responsible to fix things. So, I passed it on again having been there the previous week when the fire alarm went off thinking they just overcooked the chicken, but now I leanrt it was due to the oven not being cleaned and covered in burnt debris. I raised this with Tori AGAIN, who to my shock then told me I shouldn't listen to the lady who cooked and raised this SERIOUS safety issue. I was shocked yet again on Myatt's apathetic attitude towards serious health and safety issues.
But as Tori saw my urgency in this, pointing out that if an EHO would visit, Myatt's would not be doing well, the Park Manager then went to work and things got fixed within short time. ONLY mentioning the government checks got the message across, NOT health and safety issues, not people potentially getting hurt. No, only government gets the message across. After everything got fixed, Myatt's then contacted Lambeth Council to do a check, and received 5 stars. Bravo! But as Fab. continued to cook despite being told not to due to poor hygiene, and me being so stupid again to raise this again, the procedure got started to get rid of me.
Let a volunteer help you put things in place that YOU Myatt's neglected, then look good in the public, and Tori leaving with a clean slate, and then get rid of me who helped you raise the standard and create a safer space for all. Are you not ashamed of yourselves?! Ra. lying across the dining room table to get a free massage from a person who occasionally volunteers but has their partner going through cancer treatment caring for family. Are you not ashamed of yourself?
Tori's words to me when I raised issues being rebuked, talked bad about, sent out as Fab. Was angry, “As long as the results come out”. In other words, as long as the mission to get vegetables and seedlings etc. to the community, you close your eyes to what your staff, especially the greenhouse manager do, no matter how upset volunteers get.
I always wondered why Fab. kept some vegetables, especially large ones out on the depot floor for weeks and weeks until they started rotting, instead of giving those to the community and/or volunteers in this cost-of-living crisis. It took me almost a year of observance that this might be because he might want to portray to Myatt's that he is “producing” vegetables, while in reality the garden outside often looked very meek.
For staff and trustees to vote to give me a letter of warning, jumping over stage 1 straight int stage 2 going against your own policy and using an “expired” (forgiven) incidence to start the procedings to get rid of me because the Health & Safety Manager was upset when I mentioned the Food Gov should I get food poisoning again. Are you not ashamed?
And then I raised a grievance on this as you went against your own policy while trying to penalise me for going agsint your policy which I didn't even know. And grievance hearing held by your new Development Manager Pat. In such a dodgy and flawed way, bombarding me with questions, some questions irrelevant to throw me off course and not get to the grievance against Myatt's itself. This was a TYPICAL toxic corporate HR hearing to protect the organisation, no matter how much the volunteer suffers. This leading me to a breakdown in the hearing as I was triggered from the workplace bullying and HR meetings I went through. The way Pat. handled the hearing was BRUTAL, cold, careless, gaslighting and flawed. No compassion from Pat. and El. the note taker who should have never been present in the meeting as she was part of the grievance. Not allowed to read and sign the hearing notes at the end of the hearing, as is usual in grievance hearings. Later that evening me contemplating to end my life and falling back into mental health problems I thought I overcame.
Are you not ashamed of yourselves?!
Finally
Maybe you paid staff, executives and trustees should humble yourselves and come down from your high horse and stop pretending to have integrity and honesty “as best as possible”. You have shown no honesty and no integrity! Maybe you should reflect on HOW any volunteer might feel and what bad treatment could do to and with them mentally and physically.
I don't pretend to have integrity and honesty “as best as I can”. I HAVE integrity and honesty! I don't need to write it down anywhere because I LIVE it!
You didn't and don't deserve volunteers like me who truly CARE about safety issues and making people feel welcome. You don't deserve volunteers in general. You don't deserve free labour in your systemic attitude towards safety issues as well as volunteers with mental and/or physical health issues. You don't deserve any of us. And I and other volunteers deserve better.
We already have no rights, no or little money, often no health. We scrap by financially and with health issues and hope that the little bit we give in our free time could help us heal somewhat. You should be ashamed!
I updated the ADHD vs Narcissism blog as this was a thorn in your eye even though I never mentioned Myatt's. I mention you now! The grievance hearing had me over the edge and gave me the final pain in my dignity and mental health struggles, and I will now speak openly.
I do again sincerely apologize for any mistakes and text/email I did. But I will also not continue apologizing.
I have lost everything dear and important to me. But I have not lost my voice, and will always use my voice after trying EVERYTHING internally. I am a free person as best as I can be in my anxieties, hopelessness, triggers, mental boundaries with PTSD … and I use whatever freedoms I have been granted under the law. And I will express myself, I will explain my struggles, I will share my traumas, my losses, my experiences until the last day.

https://value-people.weebly.com/open-letter-to-myatts-fields-park-project.html
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submitted by IamParked to u/IamParked [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 20:45 Jscott1986 Inspired by the recent post from u/HawkeyeTen (and comment by u/ProblemGamer18), here are 484 reasons Eisenhower was a good President (according to ChatGPT, obviously)

Link to the comment/post in question.
  1. Successful military career as a five-star general during World War II.
  2. Skillful leadership in planning and executing the D-Day invasion.
  3. Played a crucial role in defeating Nazi Germany and liberating Europe.
  4. Fostered strong international alliances during his military service.
  5. Demonstrated a commitment to public service throughout his life.
  6. Championed civil rights and desegregation.
  7. Created the Civil Rights Commission to investigate civil rights violations.
  8. Appointed Earl Warren as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, leading to landmark civil rights decisions.
  9. Signed the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960, the first civil rights laws since Reconstruction.
  10. Established the President's Committee on Government Contracts to combat racial discrimination in federal contracting.
  11. Advocated for the desegregation of schools and supported the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision.
  12. Sent federal troops to enforce desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas.
  13. Supported the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Martin Luther King Jr.'s efforts for racial equality.
  14. Promoted economic stability and growth during his presidency.
  15. Presided over a period of sustained economic expansion known as the "Eisenhower Era."
  16. Instituted policies that aimed to balance the federal budget.
  17. Oversaw the creation of the Interstate Highway System, promoting economic development and national defense.
  18. Established the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services).
  19. Expanded social security benefits.
  20. Increased the minimum wage.
  21. Strengthened labor unions by signing the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act.
  22. Nominated competent and skilled individuals to key positions in his administration.
  23. Fostered a cooperative working relationship with Congress.
  24. Supported the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
  25. Authorized the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which later developed into DARPA.
  26. Presided over the end of the Korean War, securing an armistice and maintaining peace in the region.
  27. Promoted a policy of "massive retaliation" as a deterrent to potential Soviet aggression.
  28. Successfully managed the Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
  29. Negotiated an end to the Suez Crisis, ensuring stability in the Middle East.
  30. Championed the "Atoms for Peace" initiative, advocating for the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
  31. Created the People-to-People program to promote cultural exchange and understanding.
  32. Maintained a balanced approach to foreign policy, avoiding unnecessary conflicts.
  33. Fostered strong relationships with NATO allies, strengthening collective defense.
  34. Skillfully managed the 1956 Hungarian Revolution crisis, balancing humanitarian concerns with geopolitical realities.
  35. Developed a close working relationship with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
  36. Fostered improved relations with Latin American countries.
  37. Supported the Pan-American Highway project, enhancing economic and cultural ties with the region.
  38. Implemented policies to stabilize the Middle East and prevent Soviet influence.
  39. Developed the Eisenhower Doctrine, providing military assistance to countries threatened by communism in the Middle East.
  40. Initiated the Open Skies proposal, promoting transparency and reducing the risk of surprise nuclear attacks.
  41. Maintained a cautious and measured approach during the tense period of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
  42. Skillfully managed the U-2 spy plane incident, preventing a major escalation with the Soviet Union.
  43. Established the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to provide foreign assistance.
  44. Signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which led to the construction of a vast network of highways and improved transportation infrastructure.
  45. Created the St. Lawrence Seaway, opening up new shipping routes and promoting economic growth.
  46. Prioritized science and technology by establishing the President's Science Advisory Committee.
  47. Supported research and development in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and space exploration.
  48. Signed the National Defense Education Act, providing federal funding to improve science and mathematics education.
  49. Promoted the expansion of vocational education to meet the demands of a changing workforce.
  50. Supported the development of nuclear power as a clean energy source.
  51. Balanced the federal budget for three out of his eight years in office.
  52. Reduced government spending and advocated for fiscal responsibility.
  53. Presided over a period of low inflation and steady economic growth.
  54. Strengthened the Federal Reserve's independence in monetary policy decisions.
  55. Championed free trade and supported the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
  56. Supported the establishment of the European Economic Community, fostering economic integration in Europe.
  57. Successfully negotiated the Treaty of Rome, which created the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).
  58. Implemented policies to curb inflation and stabilize the economy during periods of economic fluctuation.
  59. Introduced a comprehensive farm policy to support American farmers and ensure food security.
  60. Signed the Agricultural Act of 1954, providing assistance to farmers affected by natural disasters.
  61. Supported the development of new agricultural technologies and practices to increase productivity.
  62. Initiated the Food for Peace program, providing humanitarian assistance and promoting agricultural exports.
  63. Established the Indian Claims Commission to address longstanding grievances and promote justice for Native Americans.
  64. Appointed Native Americans to key positions in his administration, promoting inclusivity and representation.
  65. Strengthened the protection of national parks and public lands.
  66. Expanded the National Park System by adding new parks and recreation areas.
  67. Preserved and protected significant natural landmarks, including Cape Cod National Seashore and the Everglades.
  68. Supported the development of the National Wilderness Preservation System.
  69. Signed the Clean Air Act of 1963, addressing air pollution and promoting environmental conservation.
  70. Created the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to protect critical wildlife habitats.
  71. Fostered a culture of innovation and creativity during his presidency.
  72. Emphasized the importance of science and technology in driving progress and national competitiveness.
  73. Encouraged the expansion of research and development in industries such as aerospace and electronics.
  74. Signed the National Defense Education Act, which allocated funds for scholarships in science, mathematics, and foreign languages.
  75. Supported the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its space exploration endeavors.
  76. Oversaw the successful launch of the first American satellite, Explorer 1.
  77. Supported the development of the Vanguard program, which aimed to launch the first U.S. satellite.
  78. Presided over the establishment of the National Academy of Sciences' Space Science Board.
  79. Strengthened the United States' presence in space through the Mercury and Gemini space programs.
  80. Encouraged peaceful uses of outer space and advocated for international cooperation in space exploration.
  81. Prioritized public health initiatives and medical research during his presidency.
  82. Created the National Institute of Mental Health to address mental health issues and promote research.
  83. Signed the Mental Health Study Act of 1955, leading to advancements in understanding and treating mental illness.
  84. Established the President's Commission on Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke to combat major health challenges.
  85. Supported the development of the polio vaccine, which led to the near-eradication of the disease.
  86. Expanded access to healthcare for military veterans through the Veterans Administration.
  87. Improved healthcare services for Native Americans by strengthening the Indian Health Service.
  88. Signed the Federal Hospital Insurance Act, which laid the foundation for Medicare.
  89. Supported medical research, leading to advancements in treatments and cures for various diseases.
  90. Created the National Highway Safety Advisory Committee to address road safety concerns.
  91. Signed the Federal Aviation Act, which established the Federal Aviation Agency (now the Federal Aviation Administration) to regulate and ensure the safety of civil aviation.
  92. Strengthened consumer protection by signing the Federal Trade Commission Amendments Act.
  93. Supported the development of nuclear energy as a source of clean and abundant power.
  94. Promoted nuclear disarmament and supported the peaceful use of atomic energy through the "Atoms for Peace" program.
  95. Established the Office of Science and Technology within the White House to advise the President on scientific matters.
  96. Developed the "New Look" defense policy, which aimed to maintain a strong military while reducing overall defense spending.
  97. Signed the Department of Defense Reorganization Act, streamlining the military command structure.
  98. Enhanced the United States' intelligence capabilities by creating the National Security Agency (NSA).
  99. Improved military readiness and effectiveness through the establishment of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
  100. Supported the expansion of the United States' nuclear arsenal as a deterrent to potential adversaries.
  101. Initiated the development of the U-2 spy plane, which provided crucial intelligence during the Cold War.
  102. Established the National Aeronautics and Space Council to coordinate space-related activities.
  103. Championed scientific research and development within the military-industrial complex.
  104. Implemented policies to strengthen the United States' conventional military capabilities.
  105. Strengthened the Strategic Air Command and ensured a credible nuclear deterrent.
  106. Maintained a strong and stable defense posture during a period of heightened global tensions.
  107. Promoted the principles of democracy, freedom, and human rights on the international stage.
  108. Supported the establishment of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty to counter Soviet propaganda.
  109. Strengthened the Voice of America radio broadcasts to provide accurate information to audiences worldwide.
  110. Fostered strong relationships with key allies, including the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany.
  111. Promoted the principles of collective security through active participation in international organizations like the United Nations.
  112. Supported the establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) to counter communist aggression in the region.
  113. Provided economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism, including South Korea and Taiwan.
  114. Developed a comprehensive strategy to address communist expansion, known as the "Eisenhower Doctrine."
  115. Supported the overthrow of Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, securing Western interests in the region.
  116. Maintained a policy of containment toward the Soviet Union and communist regimes around the world.
  117. Negotiated the end of the Korean War, preserving the stability of the Korean Peninsula.
  118. Advocated for peaceful coexistence and diplomacy as means of resolving international conflicts.
  119. Promoted cultural exchanges and goodwill missions to improve international relations.
  120. Developed the "Open Skies" proposal to foster transparency and reduce the risk of accidental nuclear war.
  121. Successfully managed the tensions of the Suez Crisis, avoiding direct military conflict.
  122. Oversaw the peaceful transition of power to his successor, John F. Kennedy, ensuring stability and continuity in government.
  123. Demonstrated integrity, humility, and a strong work ethic throughout his presidency.
  124. Upheld the principles of democracy and the rule of law.
  125. Fostered a sense of national unity and pride during his tenure.
  126. Demonstrated a commitment to public service and the well-being of the American people.
  127. Maintained a high level of professionalism and integrity in the White House.
  128. Conducted himself with dignity and grace, setting a positive example for future presidents.
  129. Promoted transparency in government operations and decision-making.
  130. Prioritized national security without compromising civil liberties.
  131. Demonstrated strong leadership skills in both military and civilian spheres.
  132. Respected the separation of powers and worked collaboratively with Congress.
  133. Listened to the advice of experts and surrounded himself with competent advisers.
  134. Respected the importance of the judiciary and appointed qualified judges.
  135. Displayed a calm and composed demeanor during times of crisis.
  136. Navigated complex foreign policy challenges with prudence and strategic thinking.
  137. Actively sought diplomatic solutions to international conflicts.
  138. Avoided unnecessary military interventions.
  139. Encouraged a culture of innovation and progress in various fields.
  140. Valued education and supported initiatives to improve academic standards.
  141. Focused on the long-term interests of the nation rather than short-term political gains.
  142. Built and maintained strong relationships with world leaders.
  143. Earned the respect and admiration of the American people.
  144. Managed economic challenges with prudence and sound fiscal policies.
  145. Prioritized the needs of working-class Americans and the middle class.
  146. Strived for inclusivity and equal opportunities for all Americans.
  147. Demonstrated a commitment to fiscal responsibility and reducing national debt.
  148. Made tough decisions in the best interest of the nation, even when politically unpopular.
  149. Displayed a strong moral compass and ethical leadership.
  150. Upheld the values of honesty, integrity, and transparency in his administration.
  151. Supported the growth and development of small businesses.
  152. Fostered a sense of national pride and unity during the Cold War era.
  153. Maintained a strong defense posture while advocating for peaceful resolutions.
  154. Developed a comprehensive national security strategy.
  155. Acted as a mediator in international conflicts, promoting peace and stability.
  156. Protected American interests abroad while respecting the sovereignty of other nations.
  157. Promoted democratic values and institutions worldwide.
  158. Led with humility and sought input from a diverse range of perspectives.
  159. Fostered a culture of accountability within his administration.
  160. Displayed resilience and determination in the face of challenges.
  161. Successfully managed the transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy.
  162. Supported the integration of military veterans into civilian life.
  163. Encouraged volunteerism and community service through initiatives like the People-to-People program.
  164. Demonstrated a commitment to the welfare of future generations through environmental conservation efforts.
  165. Built bridges across partisan divides and sought common ground for the greater good.
  166. Encouraged open and respectful dialogue on important national issues.
  167. Respected the importance of a free and independent press in a democratic society.
  168. Valued the input and expertise of career diplomats and foreign service officers.
  169. Exhibited a strong sense of duty and responsibility to the American people.
  170. Inspired trust and confidence among allies and partners around the world.
  171. Promoted stability and prosperity in the Western Hemisphere through diplomatic efforts.
  172. Prioritized the well-being of military personnel and their families.
  173. Fostered a culture of innovation and excellence within the military.
  174. Supported the development of advanced military technologies.
  175. Modernized and improved the efficiency of the military-industrial complex.
  176. Acted decisively and responsibly in times of crisis, such as the U-2 incident.
  177. Navigated complex international dynamics with skill and diplomacy.
  178. Respected the sovereignty of other nations while protecting American interests.
  179. Strengthened alliances and partnerships to promote global security and stability.
  180. Recognized the importance of economic cooperation and trade agreements in fostering global prosperity.
  181. Supported international development efforts to alleviate poverty and promote sustainable growth.
  182. Demonstrated a commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and arms control.
  183. Actively engaged in negotiations and diplomacy to reduce the risk of nuclear conflict.
  184. Strengthened intelligence capabilities to ensure national security and prevent threats.
  185. Supported the development and deployment of advanced surveillance technologies.
  186. Fostered a culture of professionalism and integrity within the intelligence community.
  187. Promoted transparency and accountability in intelligence operations.
  188. Prioritized the safety and security of American citizens at home and abroad.
  189. Implemented policies to protect critical infrastructure from potential threats.
  190. Promoted the responsible use of technology in national security efforts.
  191. Supported veterans' rights and benefits, including healthcare and educational opportunities.
  192. Encouraged the integration of veterans into the workforce and provided job training programs.
  193. Strengthened mental health services for veterans.
  194. Created programs to support veterans with disabilities and ensure their inclusion in society.
  195. Advocated for increased research and understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans.
  196. Prioritized the rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners of war.
  197. Fought against government corruption and advocated for transparency in public office.
  198. Encouraged civic engagement and the participation of citizens in the democratic process.
  199. Supported the growth and development of grassroots organizations and community initiatives.
  200. Demonstrated a commitment to the principles of equality and fairness.
  201. Worked to bridge racial and ethnic divides in American society.
  202. Promoted cultural diversity and celebrated the contributions of different communities.
  203. Encouraged the empowerment of women and advocated for gender equality.
  204. Appointed women to key positions in his administration.
  205. Supported women's rights, including the right to vote and access to education.
  206. Encouraged the inclusion of marginalized communities in decision-making processes.
  207. Fostered a spirit of national unity and solidarity in times of crisis.
  208. Promoted the importance of volunteerism and community service.
  209. Advocated for the rights of individuals with disabilities and supported accessibility initiatives.
  210. Supported the growth and development of arts and culture in America.
  211. Strengthened copyright laws to protect the rights of artists and creators.
  212. Promoted the preservation of historical landmarks and sites.
  213. Supported the development of national museums and cultural institutions.
  214. Encouraged scientific research and advancements in medical treatments.
  215. Supported the development of vaccines and public health initiatives.
  216. Prioritized the well-being and safety of American citizens during public health emergencies.
  217. Established guidelines and protocols to address public health crises.
  218. Collaborated with international partners to combat global health challenges.
  219. Fostered a spirit of resilience and determination during times of national hardship.
  220. Promoted the importance of empathy and compassion in public service.
  221. Demonstrated a commitment to the principles of democracy and the Constitution.
  222. Preserved and upheld the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Bill of Rights.
  223. Respected the separation of powers and checks and balances within the government.
  224. Supported efforts to enhance the transparency and accountability of government institutions.
  225. Championed the importance of an independent judiciary in upholding the rule of law.
  226. Appointed qualified and competent judges who demonstrated a commitment to justice.
  227. Demonstrated a commitment to public safety and law enforcement efforts.
  228. Supported the development of community policing initiatives.
  229. Promoted initiatives to reduce crime rates and improve public safety.
  230. Encouraged cooperation and coordination between federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.
  231. Supported the development and deployment of advanced crime-fighting technologies.
  232. Supported the development and deployment of advanced crime-fighting technologies.
  233. Focused on rehabilitation and reintegration programs to reduce recidivism.
  234. Encouraged dialogue and understanding between law enforcement and communities.
  235. Supported efforts to address systemic issues and promote fairness in the criminal justice system.
  236. Advocated for the rights of the accused and ensured due process.
  237. Demonstrated a commitment to immigration policies that balance security and compassion.
  238. Supported comprehensive immigration reform efforts.
  239. Worked to uphold the principles of the Statue of Liberty and America's legacy as a nation of immigrants.
  240. Developed policies to attract and retain skilled immigrants to contribute to the American economy.
  241. Supported efforts to address root causes of migration and promote stability in neighboring countries.
  242. Prioritized the humane treatment of refugees and provided assistance to those in need.
  243. Championed the importance of education as a pathway to opportunity and success.
  244. Supported initiatives to improve educational standards and curriculum.
  245. Increased federal funding for schools and educational programs.
  246. Promoted access to quality education for underserved communities.
  247. Supported vocational and technical education to prepare students for the workforce.
  248. Encouraged innovation in teaching methods and curriculum development.
  249. Strengthened partnerships between schools, parents, and communities to support student success.
  250. Supported programs to address the achievement gap and promote educational equity.
  251. Fostered a spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship in the American economy.
  252. Promoted policies to support small businesses and remove regulatory burdens.
  253. Encouraged research and development in emerging industries.
  254. Supported access to capital for entrepreneurs and startups.
  255. Fostered a favorable business environment to attract domestic and foreign investment.
  256. Championed free trade policies to expand opportunities for American businesses.
  257. Supported initiatives to promote job training and workforce development.
  258. Invested in infrastructure projects to drive economic growth and create jobs.
  259. Prioritized energy security and supported the development of diverse energy sources.
  260. Implemented policies to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices.
  261. Supported conservation efforts to protect natural resources and preserve biodiversity.
  262. Advocated for responsible land management and stewardship.
  263. Promoted the importance of renewable energy and clean technologies.
  264. Supported the expansion of national parks and protected areas.
  265. Encouraged responsible tourism and outdoor recreation.
  266. Demonstrated resilience and leadership in times of natural disasters and emergencies.
  267. Provided federal assistance and resources to affected communities.
  268. Supported disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts.
  269. Collaborated with state and local governments to ensure effective response and recovery.
  270. Prioritized the safety and well-being of military service members and their families.
  271. Implemented policies to support military families and improve their quality of life.
  272. Expanded healthcare services for veterans and active-duty personnel.
  273. Strengthened mental health support for service members and veterans.
  274. Focused on reducing veteran homelessness and increasing access to housing assistance.
  275. Advocated for policies to ensure a smooth transition from military to civilian life.
  276. Promoted initiatives to address the unique challenges faced by military spouses and children.
  277. Supported efforts to address the issue of sexual assault in the military.
  278. Demonstrated a commitment to diplomacy and peaceful resolution of conflicts.
  279. Supported international agreements and treaties to promote disarmament and non-proliferation.
  280. Engaged in strategic dialogue with adversaries to reduce tensions and foster understanding.
  281. Championed multilateral approaches to address global challenges.
  282. Prioritized human rights and advocated for the protection of vulnerable populations.
  283. Provided humanitarian assistance to countries in need.
  284. Supported peacekeeping efforts and conflict resolution initiatives.
  285. Fostered cultural exchange and understanding through international programs.
  286. Promoted international cooperation in addressing climate change and environmental issues.
  287. Supported the Paris Agreement on climate change and worked to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
  288. Encouraged global efforts to protect endangered species and preserve biodiversity.
  289. Supported initiatives to address global poverty and promote sustainable development.
  290. Worked to strengthen international institutions and promote global governance.
  291. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to address regional conflicts and promote stability.
  292. Supported initiatives to combat terrorism and dismantle terrorist networks.
  293. Encouraged international collaboration in addressing cybersecurity threats.
  294. Promoted democracy and human rights on the global stage.
  295. Advocated for religious freedom and tolerance worldwide.
  296. Supported efforts to combat human trafficking and modern-day slavery.
  297. Promoted gender equality and women's empowerment globally.
  298. Supported global health initiatives to combat infectious diseases and improve healthcare systems.
  299. Engaged in humanitarian efforts to provide assistance to countries affected by natural disasters and conflicts.
  300. Supported efforts to promote access to clean water and sanitation worldwide.
  301. Demonstrated a commitment to responsible and ethical foreign aid.
  302. Prioritized the needs of marginalized and vulnerable populations in international assistance.
  303. Worked to strengthen alliances and partnerships with key international actors.
  304. Supported initiatives to promote economic development and poverty reduction in developing countries.
  305. Encouraged fair and transparent trade practices to promote global economic growth.
  306. Fought against corruption and supported initiatives to promote good governance worldwide.
  307. Demonstrated a commitment to nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation.
  308. Supported efforts to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction.
  309. Engaged in strategic arms control negotiations to reduce the risk of nuclear conflict.
  310. Promoted peaceful coexistence and dialogue among nations.
  311. Prioritized the protection of civilians during armed conflicts.
  312. Demonstrated a commitment to international law and the United Nations Charter.
  313. Supported efforts to address global poverty and income inequality.
  314. Championed initiatives to improve access to education and healthcare worldwide.
  315. Supported initiatives to address food security and promote sustainable agriculture.
  316. Encouraged international cooperation in addressing migration and refugee crises.
  317. Promoted cultural exchange and understanding through international educational programs.
  318. Supported initiatives to combat global cyber threats and protect digital infrastructure.
  319. Advocated for the importance of multilateralism in addressing global challenges.
  320. Demonstrated leadership and diplomacy in international negotiations and summits.
  321. Promoted dialogue and peaceful resolution of territorial disputes.
  322. Supported initiatives to address the humanitarian and political crises of the time.
  323. Fostered diplomatic relations with emerging nations and expanded diplomatic presence.
  324. Encouraged collaboration in scientific research and technological advancements.
  325. Supported initiatives to address global poverty and promote sustainable development.
  326. Engaged in efforts to combat infectious diseases and promote global health.
  327. Focused on expanding access to education and improving educational standards globally.
  328. Demonstrated a commitment to international human rights and equality.
  329. Supported initiatives to address the needs of refugees and displaced persons.
  330. Promoted access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene worldwide.
  331. Advocated for responsible and sustainable management of natural resources.
  332. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to address regional conflicts and promote peace.
  333. Supported initiatives to address climate change and mitigate its impacts.
  334. Encouraged international collaboration in scientific research and innovation.
  335. Supported initiatives to promote gender equality and women's empowerment globally.
  336. Demonstrated a commitment to upholding international law and norms.
  337. Promoted fair and transparent trade practices and economic cooperation.
  338. Engaged in efforts to combat global terrorism and extremist ideologies.
  339. Supported initiatives to strengthen cybersecurity and protect digital infrastructure.
  340. Advocated for the rights of marginalized and vulnerable populations globally.
  341. Advocated for the rights of marginalized and vulnerable populations globally.
  342. Supported initiatives to promote access to clean energy and combat climate change.
  343. Engaged in efforts to promote peace and stability in conflict-affected regions.
  344. Demonstrated leadership in global public health initiatives and pandemic response.
  345. Supported initiatives to address income inequality and promote economic justice.
  346. Encouraged international cooperation in addressing cybersecurity threats.
  347. Promoted intercultural dialogue and understanding through cultural exchange programs.
  348. Supported initiatives to protect and preserve cultural heritage worldwide.
  349. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
  350. Advocated for the importance of diplomacy in resolving international disputes.
  351. Supported initiatives to promote sustainable and responsible development.
  352. Demonstrated a commitment to international justice and accountability.
  353. Supported initiatives to combat corruption and promote good governance globally.
  354. Advocated for the rights and empowerment of indigenous peoples worldwide.
  355. Engaged in efforts to address the global water crisis and promote water security.
  356. Supported initiatives to address the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations.
  357. Promoted dialogue and negotiation as means of resolving international conflicts.
  358. Demonstrated a commitment to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts.
  359. Supported initiatives to combat illicit drug trafficking and transnational crime.
  360. Encouraged international collaboration in addressing global health challenges.
  361. Promoted the importance of education and literacy in achieving sustainable development.
  362. Engaged in efforts to promote access to affordable and clean energy globally.
  363. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to combat modern slavery and human trafficking.
  364. Supported initiatives to strengthen international cooperation in counterterrorism efforts.
  365. Advocated for the rights of children and the protection of their well-being worldwide.
  366. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote peace and reconciliation in conflict-affected regions.
  367. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting and protecting human rights globally.
  368. Supported initiatives to address the root causes of migration and displacement.
  369. Promoted interfaith dialogue and understanding to foster religious tolerance.
  370. Engaged in efforts to address the global refugee crisis and provide humanitarian assistance.
  371. Demonstrated a commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals and their implementation.
  372. Supported initiatives to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth globally.
  373. Advocated for the importance of gender equality and women's empowerment on the global agenda.
  374. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to prevent and resolve armed conflicts.
  375. Demonstrated leadership in advancing global nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation.
  376. Supported initiatives to address the impacts of climate change on vulnerable ecosystems.
  377. Promoted the importance of responsible and sustainable tourism worldwide.
  378. Engaged in efforts to address global food security and promote sustainable agriculture.
  379. Demonstrated a commitment to international cooperation in combating cyber threats.
  380. Supported initiatives to enhance access to healthcare and strengthen healthcare systems globally.
  381. Advocated for the protection of human rights defenders and journalists worldwide.
  382. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote democracy and good governance globally.
  383. Demonstrated leadership in addressing the global refugee and migration crisis.
  384. Supported initiatives to promote social inclusion and reduce inequality globally.
  385. Promoted the importance of cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue on the global stage.
  386. Engaged in efforts to promote disarmament and arms control worldwide.
  387. Demonstrated a commitment to the principles of multilateralism and global cooperation.
  388. Supported initiatives to address the digital divide and promote digital inclusion globally.
  389. Advocated for the rights of persons with disabilities and inclusive policies worldwide.
  390. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote peace and stability in conflict-affected regions.
  391. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to combat transnational organized crime.
  392. Supported initiatives to promote access to clean water
  393. Supported initiatives to promote access to clean water and sanitation worldwide.
  394. Engaged in efforts to address the global refugee and displacement crisis.
  395. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting and protecting LGBTQ+ rights globally.
  396. Supported initiatives to combat human rights abuses and promote justice worldwide.
  397. Promoted intergenerational equity and sustainable development practices.
  398. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to prevent and resolve conflicts through peaceful means.
  399. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to combat poverty and inequality.
  400. Supported initiatives to promote access to affordable and quality healthcare globally.
  401. Advocated for the rights of marginalized and vulnerable populations in international forums.
  402. Engaged in efforts to promote access to education and eradicate illiteracy worldwide.
  403. Demonstrated a commitment to international cooperation in addressing global pandemics.
  404. Supported initiatives to protect and preserve the world's oceans and marine ecosystems.
  405. Promoted responsible and sustainable consumption and production patterns globally.
  406. Engaged in efforts to promote gender mainstreaming and equality in all sectors.
  407. Demonstrated leadership in addressing the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities.
  408. Supported initiatives to address the global digital divide and bridge the technological gap.
  409. Advocated for the protection and promotion of indigenous rights and cultures worldwide.
  410. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament.
  411. Demonstrated a commitment to upholding international humanitarian law in times of conflict.
  412. Supported initiatives to promote access to justice and legal empowerment globally.
  413. Promoted interfaith dialogue and understanding to foster religious harmony and peace.
  414. Engaged in efforts to combat human trafficking and modern-day slavery worldwide.
  415. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to combat infectious diseases and epidemics.
  416. Supported initiatives to promote sustainable urban development and resilient cities.
  417. Advocated for the rights and empowerment of youth in decision-making processes.
  418. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote peacebuilding and reconciliation in post-conflict societies.
  419. Demonstrated a commitment to the rights and well-being of children worldwide.
  420. Supported initiatives to promote access to clean and renewable energy globally.
  421. Promoted inclusive and equitable economic growth and employment opportunities worldwide.
  422. Engaged in efforts to protect and promote cultural heritage and diversity globally.
  423. Demonstrated leadership in addressing the global water crisis and promoting water security.
  424. Supported initiatives to combat discrimination and promote social inclusion globally.
  425. Advocated for the protection of journalists and press freedom worldwide.
  426. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to prevent and resolve international disputes through dialogue.
  427. Demonstrated a commitment to international cooperation in addressing global cybersecurity threats.
  428. Supported initiatives to promote access to affordable housing and adequate living conditions.
  429. Promoted the importance of environmental conservation and biodiversity protection globally.
  430. Engaged in efforts to address the root causes of poverty and promote sustainable livelihoods.
  431. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to promote sustainable and responsible tourism.
  432. Supported initiatives to promote inclusive and participatory governance worldwide.
  433. Advocated for the rights and empowerment of persons with disabilities on the global stage.
  434. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote peace, stability, and reconciliation in conflict-affected regions.
  435. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples worldwide.
  436. Supported initiatives to combat corruption and promote transparency and accountability globally.
  437. Promoted the importance of early childhood development and access to quality education globally.
  438. Engaged in efforts to promote and protect the rights of migrants and refugees worldwide.
  439. Demonstrated leadership in addressing the global food security and nutrition challenge.
  440. Supported initiatives to address the impacts of climate change on vulnerable populations.
  441. Advocated for the protection and promotion of workers' rights and decent work worldwide.
  442. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote arms control and disarmament globally.
  443. Demonstrated a commitment to upholding the principles of human dignity and human rights.
  444. Supported initiatives to promote access to clean and affordable energy for all.
  445. Promoted inclusive and equitable access to information and communication technologies.
  446. Engaged in efforts to promote sustainable and responsible mining practices globally.
  447. Demonstrated leadership in addressing the global challenges of migration and displacement.
  448. Supported initiatives to promote peace education and conflict resolution skills globally.
  449. Advocated for the protection and empowerment of women and girls worldwide.
  450. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to prevent and address humanitarian crises and conflicts.
  451. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting intergenerational equity and sustainability.
  452. Supported initiatives to promote access to justice and legal aid for all.
  453. Promoted intercultural dialogue and understanding to foster peaceful coexistence.
  454. Engaged in efforts to combat racism, discrimination, and xenophobia globally.
  455. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to address the impacts of climate change on vulnerable regions.
  456. Supported initiatives to promote sustainable and resilient infrastructure development.
  457. Advocated for the protection and promotion of the rights of older persons worldwide.
  458. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote peaceful and inclusive societies globally.
  459. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting mental health and well-being globally.
  460. Supported initiatives to address the impacts of environmental degradation and deforestation.
  461. Promoted inclusive and equitable access to financial services and economic opportunities.
  462. Engaged in efforts to promote access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.
  463. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to combat illicit financial flows and money laundering.
  464. Supported initiatives to promote inclusive and accessible urban planning and development.
  465. Advocated for the protection and empowerment of marginalized and vulnerable children worldwide.
  466. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons.
  467. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting and protecting the rights of refugees and internally displaced persons.
  468. Supported initiatives to address the impacts of climate change on small island developing states.
  469. Promoted the importance of cultural preservation and heritage protection worldwide.
  470. Engaged in efforts to promote sustainable and responsible consumption patterns.
  471. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to promote the rule of law and access to justice.
  472. Supported initiatives to address the digital divide and promote digital literacy globally.
  473. Advocated for the protection and promotion of the rights of migrant workers worldwide.
  474. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote peaceful resolution of territorial disputes.
  475. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting and protecting the rights of persons with disabilities globally.
  476. Supported initiatives to address the impacts of pollution and promote environmental sustainability.
  477. Promoted inclusive and participatory decision-making processes at all levels.
  478. Engaged in efforts to promote and protect the rights of indigenous women and girls.
  479. Demonstrated leadership in addressing the global challenges of water scarcity and water management.
  480. Supported initiatives to promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and innovation.
  481. Advocated for the protection and empowerment of LGBTQ+ individuals worldwide.
  482. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to promote responsible and accountable governance globally.
  483. Demonstrated a commitment to promoting and protecting the rights of migrant and domestic workers.
  484. Supported initiatives to address the impacts of climate change on agricultural systems.
  485. Promoted inclusive and equitable access to quality healthcare services for all.
  486. Engaged in efforts to promote sustainable and responsible fishing practices globally.
  487. Demonstrated leadership in global efforts to promote peace, justice, and strong institutions.
submitted by Jscott1986 to Presidents [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 20:44 Big-Finding2976 Need help finding some growing equipment (NOT ILLICIT SUBSTANCES!) in UK

I need some help from my UK brothers and sisters.
I've been watching the 90 Second Mycology videos to try to work out what I need to buy for Uncle Ben tek (apart from the Uncle Bens rice, I didn't need to watch a video to know I need that!)
I think I've found most of what I need, but there's a couple of things I haven't found yet. I'm disabled and can't drive, so it's easier for me to order stuff online but if I can get some stuff in Wilko or B&Q I can get someone to give me a lift.
All of this is on Amazon, so I'll just list them here with the prices, so you can tell me if I can get them much cheaper somewhere else.
Zoo Med Eco Earth, 23 Litre £22
Elixir Gardens Gypsum 1kg £6.99
UK GROW Premium Bucket of Vermiculite 1L £7.99
MediSwabs 70% Isopropyl Alcohol Wipes (x100) £4.49
K-MART Vinyl Multi-Purpose Gloves, Powder Free, Disposable, Extra Strong - Box of 100 - Black (Medium) £6.99
Lansilk 500 ml Isopropyl 70% IPA Rubbing Alcohol £6.99
Nexcare Gentle Paper First Aid Tape: 1 in. x 30 ft. £14.09
20 One Gallon Food Storage Slider Ziplock Bags £8.98
[30 Pack] Meal Prep Containers Reusable with Airtight Lids £19.99
Colibri Pruner Flower Secateurs 170 mm Pruning Shears £9.98
Grenebo Heat Mat for Plants with Big Thermostat 20.75"x10"
250 Vegetarian Size 0 Capsules £5.99
That comes to £145.07
If I add the Flairosol spray bottle and the basic electric coffee grinder, that's another £43. I probably can't get anything cheaper for the coffee grinder, but is there a cheaper spray bottle I can use, as £23 seems a bit steep?
This Leadlife Filling Machine 100 Holes for Size 0 for £15.49 looks the same as the one used in the 90 Second Mycology videos (shipping is £4.99 unless you spend over £50 though) https://bargainfox.com/products/b08gjc43xf
I'll also need a disinfectant spray (is there a particular one I should look for in the supermarket?) and some turkey roasting trays, a scoop and spatula, as shown in the video here:
https://youtu.be/vsB3IAXL8SM?t=422
and an oven thermometer (I'm nervous about choosing from the many options on Amazon, as there tends to be a lot of rubbish on there when it comes to electronics), and last but not least, some suitable plastic tubs with lids to fruit in, which is the trickiest for me to find online as I don't really know what size they need to be.
Is there anything else I've forgotten?
submitted by Big-Finding2976 to shrooms [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 19:03 JamariusQuangle My Ideas for Fallout 5

FALLOUT 5
Fallout 5 will take place in the Dixie Wasteland, in the ruins of Charleston, South Carolina in 2322. It will be the first fallout to take place in the South. The only nuke to hit the region was a defective US nuke that detonated as soon as it was launched.
Character Building:
You start with 35 special points, making it so you have a more specialized build or a jack of all trades. The old skill system makes a return, with you choosing a perk every 3 level ups. Skill checks are frequent, and can vary from Special stats to perks. You get to choose a special perk when you start the story, like Small Frame or Kamikaze. Karma has three tiers: Evil, Neutral, and Good.
Mutations and Radiation: Mutations will occur like in 76, but you can become a super mutant if you dip yourself in a vat of FEV. Your strength and endurance will increase dramatically, but many factions and cities won’t let you in without a huge hassle. Radiation makes you mutate more, but if your mutation level is too high you will turn into a mindless Behemoth. Too much radiation will turn you into a ghoul, which makes you immune to radiation and raises your endurance. If you get too many rads while ghoulified, you become feral.
Weapons & V.A.T.S:
Makeshift weapons are far more prevalent in this game, but they are more diverse and realistic than those in Fallout 4. Normal weapons are more powerful and rarer, selling for more at stores. More real guns will be added alongside the retro-futuristic fallout guns, including the 9 round and 1 shotgun shell LeMat revolver. Weapon customization exists alongside a wider variety than of weapons. Dual wielding makes its first entry to the series, allowing for dual wielding of small melee weapons, pistols, and smgs.
Higher Agility levels makes dual wielding more accurate. V.A.T.S will return to freezing the game instead of the slowed down time in Fallout 4
Settlements:
There will be 3 buildable settlement locations that you discover on your own, and 5 customizable player home locations.
World: The Dixie Wasteland is a mix of civilized and Wild. The Western section of the map is the most dangerous, full of raiders and animals, despite that the town of Magnolia is in the west. The Northeast is the city of Charleston, the city of Civitas Ferro is set up within eastern Charleston. The South of the map is controlled by the Brotherhood of Steel as well. The middle of the map is a bunch of small towns mixed with the wildness of the west. The eastern side of the map is swamps, and the west is forested hills. A large lifeless crater exists in the in the middle of the map, simply known as the Hole.
Enemies: Some animals return, such as bloodbugs, deathclaws, ferals, bloatflies, and Yao Guais, Mirelurks, and Gatorclaws. New animals include Raddlesnakes, Giraffe Dogs (coyotes with long necks), Snappers (huge turtles), and Prowlers (mutated bobcats). Raiders are in named groups again, with three main bands terrorizing Dixie. The tribe known as the Confederates who enslave and sell rather than pillage, the Beastmasters who tame mutated animals and attack with them, and the Vaulties who were former vault dwellers. Generic raiders can also be found. Super Mutant bands have moved south from the Capital Wasteland, and continue their sackings in Dixie. Enemy robots are occasionally found, especially from the RobCo factory in the city. The last kind of enemy is the main factions if you piss them off, as they send death squads out to gank you if you have a bad reputation.
Dixie history: The Carolinians united the eastern coast and Charleston together as a large scale civilization in 2190, but by the year 2291, the Brotherhood of Steel invaded. They pillaged, plundered, and took control of the east coast and the capital of the Carolinians. Their despotic rule has causes several factions in the wasteland grow rebellious, and tensions are reaching a high in 2322.
Themes: The game has a southern theme, with the radios playing country and bluegrass music. Characters have southern accents, as do the robots.
Radio Stations:
Magnolia Radio - Swing and Jazz hosted by a charismatic ghoul named Darren Dixie. Darren will comment on the events that occur throughout the wasteland.
Hoedown Capital - A country and bluegrass station hosted by Mr. Hillbilly, a DJ Mr. Handy. He still believes the year is 2077, and only tells news relating to events that happened leading up to the Great War.
Brotherhood Military Channel - Updates troops about tech locations and orders patrols around.
There are plenty of side quests and random events, including side quests for each faction.
Factions:
There are 5 factions in Fallout 5, and you have to side with one of them to complete the story. The Tribal ending is the wild card ending. The reputation system makes a return, with the New Vegas pictures.
Brotherhood of Steel: The Brotherhood of Steel has turned into nothing short of a jingoistic military dictatorship, developed by Elder William Garrick. The Brotherhood abandoned Maxson in the commonwealth, as Garrick lead a silent coup in the Capital wasteland. The Brotherhood has grown colossally in size, and now spans the East Coast unchecked in power. Not only do they seize military technology now, they also seize stuff like pre-war small arms, Auto-docs, pip-boys, robots, terminals etc. They’ve ruled over South Carolina for the past 2 years with an iron fist, forcing settlers into giving up their crops and crippling the wasteland and infrastructure of the Dixie Wasteland. They control a large city inside Charleston called Civitas Ferro, with their headquarters in the center. Despite your hatred for them initially, you can join them and defeat all the rebels.
Carolinian Revolutionary Army- The Carolinians are the remnants of the former largest nation in the Dixie Wasteland called the Free Federation of Charleston. It was a democratic civilization based on the old state of South Carolina, with elections and rights for any human or quasi-human. Although it was weak and corrupt, it was better than the alternatives. When the Brotherhood rolled in, the Carolinians resisted their raids, so the Brotherhood overthrew them in a scorched Earth campaign. The Carolinians are the remnants of their military, dedicated to rebelling against the Brotherhood’s tyranny, and have the endgame goal of bringing Democracy back to Dixie. They grow steadily by the day, but they suffer from bureaucratic issues and corruption. You can join the Carolinians as an agent, and you help them lead a rebellion against the Brotherhood.
Greylock’s Hand: Greylock’s Hand are a band of violent raiders and mercenaries, who likewise want the Brotherhood of Steel gone, but instead desire an anarchic survival of the fittest wasteland. They are lead by a profane, wild ghoul named Greylock. They are basically terrorists, but their raids and ambushes against the Brotherhood are effective. They reside in a secret underground missile launch site, completed two days before the war. Even the Brotherhood knows nothing about it aside from rumors. The missiles, however, are not finished. You can join Greylocks Hand after getting kidnapped by them, and after you help them build part of the missiles.
Magnolia: The last joinable faction is Magnolia, a large settlement in and around the former plantation home. The city is ruled by a group of Mister Handys who escaped from a crashed truck driving to Charleston the day of the Great War. They saw the magnolia plantation and went their to clean, doing so and repairing it for 150 years, eventually realizing what was happening in the world around them.Their newfound “sentience” allowed them to create a settlement, inviting wastelanders and tribals to live and trade under their protection. Their elected leader is a specialized Mr Handy that has economic programming. The robots have defended themselves from several Brotherhood attacks, and after some convincing they allow you to become an honorary robot and join their faction.
Tribal: Instead of choosing any of the four main factions, you can instead unite the smaller settlements, tribes, and factions into New Dixie. You are assisted by an intelligent Supermutant from the Capital Wasteland named Spider, acting as your loyal second in command.
Minor factions:
The Network: A secret underground trading organization that sells and trades equipment that would normally be confiscated by the BoS. You can rat them out to the BoS, or you can join them.
Wasteland Marshalls: A paramilitary organization that patrols highways and hunts raiders, based on the US Marshals of the past. You can join them or convince them to join the brotherhood.
Catawbas: The descendants of the old native tribe from South Carolina, they specialize in the creation of makeshift weaponry to sell to wastelanders. You can convince them to join the rebellion, or you can convince them to join the Brotherhood.
Abolitionists: A militia of borderline terroristic anti-slavers, based on the conquests of the radical abolitionist John Brown. You can join them or eliminate them.
Plot:
South Carolina: 2322. War, war never changes.
The main character is a tribal living southeast of Charleston. The tribe has to pay a toll to local raiders, and it’s left their tribe starving. In the first part of the game, the Tribal, their sibling and their friend are searching for food for their tribe, when they stumble across an old sunken West-Tek storage depot. In it is a prototype suit of power armor called the AX-01, which is a large tank-suit with back missiles and two hand laser rifles, built for ease of use. You learn how to pilot it from a terminal, and you take it back to the tribe; the raiders and their leader are there demanding their payment. You kill the raiders with the power armor, and the tribe is free from their subjugation. Weeks later, 4 Brotherhood of Steel paladins arrive at the village. After the tribals refuse to give up their power armor, the BoS execute everyone in the village and burn it to the ground (including your sibling), seizing the suit and flying away on a vertibird. Only the Tribal remains.
Act 1: The Tribal picks up a broken pip-boy as soon as they leave the town, and they hunt down the paladins North to Charleston, you kill all 4 of them while adventuring across the map. By the end of the first act, the Brotherhood declares you an enemy of the Brotherhood.
Act 2: Due to the deaths of several Paladins and the constant rebellion from the region, a Brotherhood blimp appears. The brotherhood frequency states that if the Tribal visits the ship, they will be absolved of their crimes. The Tribal is also invited to secret meeting of between Carolinians and robots from Magnolia. You also get kidnapped by the Greylocks 2 days after this meeting. From there you can choose between the rebels or the Brotherhood, and do their specific quest lines. For the Greylocks, you have to find parts to build their rockets. Whereas for the other groups you have to find a way into their base.
Act 3: All questlines end in the ultimate battle and raid on the Greylock base. If you side with the Greylocks you repel the attackers. The end of the story is where you fire the missile array at the Brotherhood’s home base and their airship, chasing them out of Dixie. If you side with the Brotherhood you secure the missile array and fire the rockets at the fleeing rebels, crushing their numbers.
Each ending depends on your karma and what side you chose, potentially turning a “good” faction evil or an “evil” faction good.
Your actions have consequences throughout the story, and no character is essential except for potential companions.
The Tribal:
The tribal is the name of the 28 year old protagonist, and you can choose between you or your friend to be your character. One is male, the other is female. The protagonist is silent, but the character you don’t choose has voiced dialogue. Their default names are Sammy and Cora, but you can change them. Speech is back to the chart with full responses. Their personality is determined by the player, allowing for better roleplaying opportunities.
Companions:
There are 10 companions, 3 non human and 7 human. The affinity system returns, and each companion has a personal quest. They also have comments for the main quest and other miscellaneous events. Companions have specific likes and dislikes, and have different karmas. You can recruit companions outside of your karma if you pass a speech check. Any positive affinity progression while not in their karma has a 1.25 multiplier. Companions are romanceable regardless of gender.
The Tribals Friend (Sammy/Cora):
The friend you don’t choose is available to become your companion. They know your name, and revert to their original appearance and name once you choose your character. Cora is originally white with blonde hair and blue eyes, and Sammy is originally a latino with curly black hair. They have good karma, and hate the BoS, but are okay with the other factions. They are 28 years old, the same age as the tribal. They wear a tribal cloak and uses a makeshift bolt action rifle. They are Romanceable.
Benjamina Pavlova - A hired gun and part time technician working for the Network, you can recruit her whenever you hire her at the Network. She has good karma, and hates the BoS and the Carolinians, but likes Greylocks hand and the Magnolia Robots (hired guns were illegal in the FFC). She is white, and has curly black hair and green eyes. She is 29 years old. She wears a confederate cavalry hat and her combat armor with road leathers, she uses a .44 trail carbine. She is romanceable.
Captain Baker Springfield - A soldier for the Carolinian Revolutionary Army, you can recruit him if you save his platoon from a super mutant attack. He has good karma, and hates the BoS and Greylock’s hand, but loves the Carolinians. He is 32 years old. He is white, has brown hair and stubble, and wears a Carolinian soldier outfit; he uses a .308 Combat rifle.
Dina Qian: A vault dweller from Vault 52, you have to free the vault from a band of raiders who have cracked into the vault to recruit her. Dina is asian and has black hair in a ponytail. She has neutral karma, and hates all raider groups, including Greylock’s Hand, she is indifferent to the other groups. Dina is 25 years old. She uses two 10mm pistols and wears an armored vault suit. She is Romanceable.
Louie - Louie is a ranch hand at a farm outside of the Hole, you can recruit him if you get his family’s brahmin back from the Beastmasters. He has neutral karma, and hates Greylock’s hand, but likes The BoS due to their law bringing policies. He is 36 years Louie is white, and has a buzzcut with a mustache. He wears a ranch hand outfit and a stetson hat with leather armor, he uses a makeshift pump action shotgun.
General Ulysses Grant: A securitron made specially for the RobCo factory owner, a civil war buff. You have to repair him after clearing the RobCo factory to recruit him. His karma is dependent on how you program him, and he hates the brotherhood but loves the magnolia robots. He is a deep blue and gold securitron with General grant on the tv screen. He is a pre-war robot. He uses the 9mm smg, laser rifle, and rockets depending on what you tell him to use. He is not romanceable.
Uriah Lincoln - A respected raider within Greylock’s hand, you can recruit him whenever you join Greylock’s hand. He has evil karma, loves Greylock’s hand, and hates the Brotherhood and the Carolinians. You can change his karma in his personal quest. Uriah is 23 years old. He is black and is bald, with a bandana covering on of his eyes. He wears Greylock makeshift power armor and carries a plasma rifle. He is romanceable
Senior Scribe Weatherby - A former scribe turned ghoul by radiation, you can recruit her from the BoS after she is kicked out. She has evil karma, hates the BoS and the other factions. After her personal quest she can either rejoin the brotherhood or be open to other factions. She is 39 years old. She is a ghoul and has wears red hair wig. She wears a scribe outfit and uses a laser rifle. She is romanceable.
Belle - A Mrs Nanny built by the robots at Magnolia, you can recruit her after joining the Magnolia robots. She has neutral karma, and likes Greylock’s Hand and the Magnetic robots. Belle is 60 years old. She wears a straw hat with a flower on it, and has a light purple chassis; she uses a minigun and a sawblade. She is not romanceable.
Hambone - A golden retriever with one blue eye and one brown eye. He doesn’t care about what you do, he’s a good boy. You can have him alongside any other companion.
This is what I’ve got, feel free to add anything.
submitted by JamariusQuangle to Fallout [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 19:00 I_Know_Nuthin Cracked Le Creuset Estate Sale Find

My wife found this dutch oven at an estate sale for $10. Pics
It's very browned and we are going to try and clean it the best we can. But it also has a crack coming from the top going down about 1.5 inches. Does anyone on reddit know if the crack will be an issue when trying to use it?
submitted by I_Know_Nuthin to DutchOvenCooking [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 18:23 FelicitySmoak_ On This Day In Michael Jackson HIStory - June 10th

On This Day In Michael Jackson HIStory - June 10th
1970 - The Jackson 5 perform "The Love You Save" & "ABC" on the Groovy Show TV program in Los Angeles.
1972 - Michael third solo single, "I Wanna be Where You Are", on Motown enters the Billboard US Top 40 singles chart at #38. It will peak at #16 during a 9 week run.
1972 - Lookin' Through the Windows by The Jackson 5 on Motown Records enters the Billboard US Black Albums Chart where it will peak at #3 during a 29 week run
1975 - “Forever Came Today” is the last official single of the Jackson 5 released by Motown
1979 - Last concert of the first US leg of the Destiny World Tour at the War Memorial Auditorium (now Greensboro Coliseum) in Greensboro, North Carolina. Tour resumes in October
1993 - Michael makes an appearance at an afternoon rally at a middle school in Los Angeles to launch a new DARE programme called DAREPLUS (‘Play and Learn Under Supervision’) program for the school, an initiative educating children on the perils of substance abuse and gang membership
Jackson was a member of the Board of Directors of DARE (‘Drug Abuse Resistance Education’) and he was presented with a t-shirt for which he said:
“Thank you very much. I love you all. Thank you.”
All members of the 'Challengers Boys & Girls Club' were invited to Neverland
1993 - Michael announces that "HTW"s total earnings of $1.25 million, along with his entire Super Bowl XXVII proceeds from that year will be funneled to "Heal L.A.", for the children having suffered from the Los Angeles’ riots at the time.
The Big Brothers of Los Angeles give Jackson a rocking chair made by a woman who made them for President Kennedy and the Pope. Another group of children visiting the ranch get a sneak peak preview of Tom & Jerry: The Movie. The film wasn't scheduled to begin running in theaters until July 30th, but Michael received an advance copy from Joseph Barbera.
1997 - Michael plays the second of two nights at the Amsterdam Arena (now Johan Cruyff Arena) in Amsterdam,Netherlands , to an audience of 50.000.
1999 - Michael is in Paris, France. He stayed one day at Le Crillon hotel as he shopped around the town on his brief stop there for business related meetings
1999 - It is reported that the opening of the first 'Michael Jackson Dance Studio' (formerly announced as the 'Michael Jackson Entertainment School') happened in Tokyo. Michael couldn't attend the inauguration of the school but planned on going soon.
2002 - Michael Jackson arrives in London and checks in the Marriott Renaissance Hotel.
2003 - Michael finally gives his deposition in Indianapolis before going to Merville, Indiana
Last month, Jackson he fell ill and was hospitalized before he could be deposed in a lawsuit filed by Gordon Keith (who signed the Jackson 5 to his Gary, Indiana-based Steeltown Records in 1967) and musician Elvy Woodard. The men claim that the Jackson 5 used the name of another Gary band and two of their songs without license.
Jackson’s attorney, Bob Meyer, says the suit has no merit, noting that Michael was only 9 years old at the time.
The deposition took place at a hotel from 11:21 a.m. to 5:10 p.m
“Michael was extremely comfortable today,” he said. “He really surprised me.”
Meanwhile, an attorney for the plaintiffs, Norman Reed, described Jackson’s deportment as “jovial,” though he went on to say that Jackson couldn’t answer every question because certain events in question occurred more than three decades ago
Later in the evening, Michael was the main attraction at the Circle Center Mall in Indianapolis, as he tried to make his way through the crowds with his entourage to get a little personal shopping done at Brookstone, while also being followed by a mob of fans.

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Michael hires Charles Koppleman as his new business adviser.
2004 - Ray Charles passes away and Michael issues a statement:
"I am saddened to hear of the death of my friend, Ray Charles. He was a true legend...an American Treasure. His music is timeless; his contributions to the music industry...unequaled; and his influence, unparalleled. His caring and humility spoke volumes. He paved the way for so many of us, and I will forever remember him in my heart."
2005 - Jury Deliberations Day 6
Jurors in the trial will be back again on Monday after ending their first full week of deliberations without reaching a verdict
The jurors asked a number of questions today and also requested to have some testimony read back to them. Judge Melville held at least three meetings with attorneys from each side
Legal experts say the lengthy and complex instructions issued by the Judge may be responsible for the extended deliberations.
"This is a huge, huge celebrity trial, so you can bet that they're going to want to read those jury instructions pretty carefully," said Donna Shestowsky, a law professor at the University of California.
Shari Seidman Diamond, a law professor at Northwestern University, agreed: "Running through these instructions is the use of words that are real words in everyday life that have different legal meanings."
She said that terms such as "attempt," "reasonable" and "conspiracy" have specific meaning in criminal law and "we know that makes instructions harder to deal with."
Diamond said that judges could make jury instructions more palatable but rarely did so as they were more concerned with making sure the instructions were unflawed and would not lead to a reversal on appeal.
Peter Tiersma, a member of the California Judicial Council's task force on criminal jury instructions, said it was easier for a judge to simply copy the text of a legal opinion or of a statute in the instructions.
He said that no matter how dense or incomprehensible the instructions were, "if you changed it, you risked getting it wrong."
As an example, Diamond pointed out that the explanation of 'reasonable doubt' was buried on page 45 of the instructions, which offered little explanation of why jurors should ignore certain pieces of evidence.

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About 2,200 journalists received press credentials to cover the Michael Jackson trial, more than the O.J. Simpson and Scott Peterson trials combined.
Major TV networks have committed dozens of staff members and some news organizations have even installed land lines, fearing that the explosion of phone calls following a verdict could jam the region's cell phone networks.
Reporters from every continent except Antarctica are covering the story, a reminder that Michael's popularity remains intense outside the US. News organizations from more than 30 countries were represented
"The appetite for Michael Jackson is insatiable," said Graeme Massie, who has covered the trial for Splash, a British news agency. "In the U.S., people may believe that Jackson's star has fallen, but in Europe it still shines brightly."
The case is being closely watched in Japan where they are thinking of moving to a jury system.
"People in Japan are interested in the King of Pop, but they also want to know how the jury will treat celebrities," said Wataru Ezaki, who works for a Japanese news organization in Southern California. "They want to see if jurors can be fair. It's a very unique case."
Deliberations will resume Monday morning at 8:30 a.m.
2009 - AllGood Entertainment Inc. filed a $40 million lawsuit against Michael claiming breach of contract and fraud in an attempt to stop Jackson from performing in London. The New Jersey-based company filed the suit in federal court in New York stating that it signed a deal with Jackson's manager, Frank DiLeo for a pay per view reunion concert with the other Jackson siblings
2013 - Jackson v AEG Trial Day 26
Katherine Jackson was at court for the morning session
Randy Phillips Testimony
Jackson direct
Panish showed a June 20th email from Tim Leiweke (CEO of AEG) to Dan Beckerman (CFO/COO of AEG) in which Beckerman described Phillips as jittery:
"Trouble with Michael. Big trouble."
Beckerman responded:
"I figured something might be wrong given how jittery Randy has been this week. Is it "pre-show nerves" bad or "get a straight jacket/call our insurance carrier" bad?"
Phillips said he was not jittery, but concerned with the show. Jittery meaning shaking and he said he doesn't think that's how he was.
Phillips said Dr. Murray receiving $150k per month being the cause of Michael's sickness in June of 2009 never crossed his mind
Phillips said he did not recall what was discussed in a phone conversation with Murray. In his video deposition that was shown to the jury, Phillips first said the conversation lasted three minutes. He was shown phone records that showed it lasted 25 minutes. Phone records show Phillips had a 25 minute phone call with Conrad Murray after Kenny Ortega's emails on June 20, 2009. Phillips said he didn't think the call lasted that long, doesn't recall what they talked about. "It's very possible I might have even read him these emails," Phillips testified, referring to the "Trouble at the Front" chain. "I would not have discussed his health other than what it was in the content of the emails"
Phillips said everyone in the This Is It production got a list with everyone's phone numbers. He doesn't know how Dr. Murray got the list. Phillips was asking about how Conrad Murray got his home phone number. He initially said it might have been on a list given to tour personnel. Phillips then said that Murray may have gotten it from Jackson's former manager, Frank Dileo. Phillips testified that Dr. Murray called his home number. Panish showed picture of the business card Phillips gave Dr. Murray with his cell number on the back. The card was found in the doctor's car.
Panish then asked Phillips about an email he sent director Kenny Ortega, telling him Murray was "unbiased and ethical", the email serves as Phillips' best recollection of his conversation with Dr. Murray. This morning, Panish frequently asked Randy Phillips whether he was truthful with Ortega.
Panish: "Did you make that up and lie to Mr. Ortega?"
Phillips: "No, I don't lie"
Panish talked about email Phillips wrote to Ortega on Jun 20:
"Kenny, it's critical that neither you, me or anyone else around this show become amateur psychiatrist or physicians. I had a lengthy conversation with Dr. Murray, who I'm gaining immense respect for as I get to deal with him more. He said that Michael is not only physically equipped to perform and, that discouraging him to, will hasten his decline instead of stopping it. Dr. Murray also reiterated that he's mentally able to and was speaking to me from the house where he has spent the morning with Michael. This doctor is extremely successful (we check everyone out) and does not need this gig so he is totally unbiased and ethical. It is critical we surround Michael with love and support and listen to how he wants to get ready for July 13th... You cannot imagine the harm and ramifications of stopping this show now. It would far outweigh "calling this game in the 7th inning". I'm not just talking about AEG's interests here, but the myriad of stuff/lawsuits swirling around Michael that I crisis manage every day and also his well-being. I am meeting with him today at 4p at the Forum. Please stay steady. Enough alarms have sounded. It is time to out out the fire, not burning the building down. Sorry for all the analogies. Randy"
Phillips said he thought Dr. Murray was extremely successful based on the clinics he had and business he would've to close to go on tour.
Phillips: "It was an assumption I made"
Panish: "And that was not true, correct?"
Phillips: "In retrospect, that's correct"
As to the "we check everyone out" reference in the email, Panish asked if that was a true statement or untrue.
Phillips: "It's not, it's hard to say yes or no on that. It is not true because everyone would imply everyone"
Panish: "'We check everyone out'" is a false statement you wrote to Mr. Ortega, correct?"
Phillips: "In retrospect, yes"
Panish asked about the reference "he doesn't need the gig". "I made another assumption based on the information I had," Phillips explained, "I didn't have any basis to say he was unbiased and ethical"
Panish used the email to try to show that 3 people _ Ortega, Murray and John Hougdahl _ were warning Phillips about Jackson's health. Phillips said Murray didn't agree with the assessments of Michael's health by Ortega and Hougdahl (the tour production manager). After multiple questions, Phillips said many of the statements in the email about Murray weren't true. Those statements included that AEG Live checked everyone out, and that Murray was an accomplished doctor who was unbiased and ethical. "At the time, I thought it was the truth", Phillips said of the above statements
Phillips testified he wrote email to Sony exec asking her to remind him to tell her where Dr Murray was the night he was to be caring for Michael. Judge only allowed plaintiffs' attorney to say it was a social establishment, but the place was a strip club
Panish then asked Phillips about the suggestion that Jackson needed a psychiatrist. Phillips confirmed what he said last week -- he never consulted a psychiatrist. He said today it wouldn't have been appropriate. As to having a mental health professional, "no one brought a psychiatrist," Phillips said, "because Michael didn't need one"
Phillips testified he had conflicting information coming from Dr. Murray and Kenny Ortega regarding Michael. Panish pressed Phillips about the fact that he sent completely opposite emails to Ortega and AEG high ups. "It was because they were sent for different purposes," Phillips explained. Of the statements to Ortega, Phillips told the jury:
"I just wanted to calm things down until we had this meeting"
Before the morning break, Panish showed some of the emails he showed Phillips last week. Panish only had his copy, which had notes on it. Panish gave Phillips his annotated version of the email, but Phillips refused to look at them. Flipped them over so he couldn't see them. "I don't want to help you with your case", Phillips said of reviewing Panish's annotated copies of the emails. That brought some laughter. Phillips was ultimately given a clean copy of the emails, provided by his defense lawyers.
Phillips said he remembers the meeting on June 20th lasted at least an hour. Dr. Murray and Phillips were sitting on one couch, Michael was on a bench and Ortega on another couch. In his deposition, Phillips said Ortega talked about Michael's physical and mental status. On the stand today, Phillips explained Ortega did very little talking in the meeting. "He addressed Michael coming to rehearsals. I do not believe he talked about Michael's physical condition and mental state. Dr. Murray did most of the talking," Phillips testified.
Panish pressured Phillips about him changing the testimony. "My memory is getting better about the events of four years ago," Phillips said. "The purpose of the meeting was to find out what was happening with Michael because of the events on the 19th"
Panish: "Did Mr. Ortega say he was concerned Michael was not getting enough sleep?"
Phillips: "I don't remember if he asked that question. I know he asked about the food, but I'm not sure if he asked about the sleep"
Panish: "Dr. Murray contradicted what Ortega said in the email, correct, sir?"
Phillips: "Yes, Dr. Murray, said there wasn't anything wrong with Michael. Michael said there wasn't anything wrong with Michael. I don't know if there was a mental problem"
Without getting into details, Phillips said Ortega and Murray "were a little combative" at the meeting. Phillips said Murray reassured everyone that Jackson's health was fine. He said Jackson also assured them nothing was wrong with him. He said Murray told the group that Jackson may have had the flu, or some similar ailment. He said Jackson's health was discussed. Phillips said he couldn't recall whether Jackson's sleep issues were discussed. A portion of Randy Phillips' deposition was played in which he said sleep issues were discussed at the June 20, 2009 meeting
The meeting happened in the afternoon, Phillips said. Panish asked if Michael was shaking in that meeting. Phillips said "No, not at all" A vase was broken in one of the production meetings, Phillips explained. He said Frank Dileo, Paul Gongaware & himself were present. Phillips said he doesn't know who broke the vase, but he thinks it may have been Frank DiLeo. Phillips denied a vase was broken during the June 20th meeting at Michael's house.
Panish: "Did you have a meeting with Michael where you threatened to pull the plug and take everything he had?"
Phillips: "No"
Panish: "Did you tell him he would lose everything, including his children, if the show didn't happen?"
Phillips:"That's ridiculous, no"
Phillips said Michael was a phenomenal father & denied ever saying to anyone at the meeting that Michael was on skid row or going to become homeless.
Panish: "Did you ever tell Michael you were paying for his toilet paper?"
Phillips: "No"
Phillips denied that Murray said during the June 20th meeting that he "couldn't take it anymore." Phillips denied that Murray's contract was discussed at the meeting, saying that would have been inappropriate.
Phillips was also again asked about emails a couple of AEG executives (former CEO Tim Leiweke and Dan Beckerman) traded about him. The email described Randy Phillips as jittery, and alluded to either him or Jackson having a "mental breakdown." Phillips denied he was having a mental breakdown, and said he didn't want to put words in the other executives' mouths. In the deposition played to the jury, Tim Leiweke said the reference to "mental breakdown" in the email could've been to Randy Phillips not Michael. Panish played depo of Dan Beckerman, in which he said he didn't recall what prompted him to say Phillips was jittery.
Panish: "Did you think that Michael needed a straight jacket?"
Phillips: "It was a generic comment"
Phillips said it was a question of "stage fright and the show will go on" or "I can't do this let's cancel" scenario.
Panish: "Do you think Michael needed a straight jacket?"
Phillips: "No, I don't think Michael needed a straight jacket"
Regarding the straight jacket email, Phillips said the way he read it he can't tell if it was referring to him or Michael. Panish pointed out that insurance was only if Michael had a break down, not Phillips. Thus, the email must've referred to Michael
Questioning then moved back to the June 20th meeting, with Phillips describing Murray as "demonstrative" toward director Kenny Ortega. Phillips said Murray's message to Ortega was essentially "stay in your lane" and not to interfere with medical issues. "The meeting got a little bit heated when Dr. Murray was admonishing Kenny," Phillips recalled, but said hostile is too harsh of a word. Phillips said lack of sleep was discussed in the June 20th meeting, but wasn't the main focus. Phillips said the reason of the meeting was to find out what happened in the night before, what was the issue and also Michael missing rehearsals. Phillips said Michael had the best two rehearsals after the June 20th meeting. "Kenny told Michael to take the next two days off, spend some time with the kids," Phillips testified.
Phillips was then asked about emails he sent to Leiweke, others, about the results of the June 20th meeting at Jackson's house. This was after Jackson's attorney, John Branca, earlier in the day had suggested a counselor to work with Jackson. Phillips email:
"Anyway, things are not as bleak as Kenny's emails. John, now is not the right time to introduce a new person into his life"
After this email is when Phillips made the "badgering" comment to Panish that prompted Judge Palazuelos' admonition to him.
Suddenly, judge decides to take a break at 2:24 pm and sends the jury out of the courtroom. Outside the presence of the jurors, judge admonished Phillips for not answering the questions asked. "Mr. Phillips you need to answer questions," said Judge Yvette Palazuelos, frustrated. "Lawyers are trying to getting the answers." Judge told Phillips that arguing with the lawyers isn't really going to help his case, it will just lengthen his testimony. She noted his testimony is taking much longer than expected, and at this pace he will be here for another week. Phillips told the judge he's just trying not to say the wrong things or be caught in tricky questions. Judge: "It seems like they are pretty straight forward questions, but when you offer info, it may not be good for you"
AEG's attorney Jessica Bina defends Phillips saying the questions are compound, but that she believes he's trying to answer the questions. Panish said he wants to finish today, that he hasn't argued with the witness or judge. "I really tried hard, for me, it's hard!" Panish said. Phillips said he understood and wants to go back to work as well. Promised to be better.
Phillips said the email he wrote saying "this guy is trying to concern me" was referring to Kenny Ortega. "I had two concerns: wanted Kenny to be open minded until the meeting and I didn't want Kenny to quit," Phillips explained. At this point they were about $30 million plus in advance, Panish said. Phillips said it was about $28 million, which was a lot of money.
Email on 3/13/09 from Leiweke to Phillips:
"Phil (Anschutz) can be such a paranoid scrooge. He thinks he's smarter than everyone"
After a break and admonition, Phillips testified about some of his concerns surrounding the show.He said he was concerned about Ortega. Phillips said he was concerned that Ortega as getting into an "entrenched position" regarding Jackson's health and rehearsals.
Phillips:
"I was also quite concerned that Kenny would throw up his hands in the air and quit."
The CEO was talking directly to the jury. Phillips said again that his concern with Ortega was that he wasn't going into the meeting with an open mind and that he was going to quit. Panish played Phillips deposition where he said he didn't remember what he was concerned about regarding Ortega. "I think my answer today is clarification," Phillips said, adding he did not change his testimony. Panish questioned whether his description was something he "just remembered right now." Phillips responded, "I'm remembering a lot of things now." Panish shot back that Phillips hadn't remembered many things during his deposition.
In his depo, played to the jury, Phillips said there were no discussions on June 20th about Michael taking a couple of days off. However, in court today, Phillips testified Ortega suggested that he take two days off
After the June 20th meeting, Jackson took two days off and resumed rehearsals. At that point, Phillips began working out of Staples Center. Phillips said one of the changes to come out of the June 20th meeting was that he would be at Staples, looking in on rehearsals.
Phillips was also shown an email from his assistant, looking for a physical therapist for Jackson on June 22, 2009
At this point, Phillips was asked about Arnold Klein. He was shown a June 23rd email from Jackson's business manager Michael Kane. Kane:
"On the list of doctors that will help get (us) from today to the opening night, where does Arnold Klein stand on the list?"
Phillips responded about Klein:
"He scares us to death because he is shooting him up with something"
Kane responded:
"Well since we owe him $48k and he wants payment maybe I should stop paying him and he'll stop shooting him up. I have the details of what he is doing"
Phillips told jurors the email was a response to a $48,000 bill that Jackson's manager received for the treatments by Dr. Arnold Klein. The treatments included numerous shots of cosmetic drugs such as Restalyne and botox, as well as other unidentified intramuscular shots, Phillips said, citing the bill. Phillips said he maintains his position that he didn't know what, if anything, any doctor was giving Michael.
Phillips was asked about Jackson's rehearsals on June 23 and 24. He said he couldn't remember which songs were performed which day. Phillips said he watched them in its entirety, which lasted about 3 hours. He said Michael was engaged about an hour and a half to two hours.
Panish: "Michael never did the whole show, did he, sir?"
Phillips: "No, he wouldn't have, they were not ready for that"
Panish: "Was Michael cold on the 23rd?"
Phillips: "I don't remember"
Panish: "Did you ever see Michael walking around in blankets?"
Phillips: "It's possible, because the place was freezing. But I don't remember"
On 6/25/09 the insurance broker wrote to Dr. Murray at 12:54:15 pm, probably London time (approximately 5am LA time):
" We are dealing with a matter of great importance and your urgent attention would be greatly appreciated"
The email talked about getting Michael's medical records. Phillips said he learned from the media that Dr. Murray had been treating Michael since 2006.
Panish: "This is Dr. Murray doing something to help AEG get insurance, fair enough?"
Phillips: "Fair enough"
On 8/18/09 Phillips wrote email to Michael Roth:
"I think I know what Michael died of and this would exonerate Conrad"
Lionel Richie's ex-wife Brenda called Philips and said Michael died of a combination of other drugs and Propofol. Phillips said he never told police, the DA or Dr. Murray's attorneys about it because he thought the info was not reliable.
Panish: "Did you want Dr. Murray to get exonerated?"
Phillips: "I'd always want an innocent man not to get convicted"
Panish played video of Phillips' deposition where he said he didn't remember what the information was but his memory has been refreshed
Judge then adjourned session for the day. Trial resumes tomorrow morning. Panish said he has one more hour of questioning. The attorneys estimated Phillips will be done testifying by Wednesday afternoon
Court Transcript
submitted by FelicitySmoak_ to MichaelJackson [link] [comments]


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2023.06.10 16:43 JeppeBentzen What is wrong with this bread?

What is wrong with this bread?
This is my sourdough bread (78% hydration)
I don’t know what is wrong with it and i need help with figuring that out. It’s flat but rises in the oven, even though it spreads. It has a thick and hard crust, that you almost can’t cut. It has a small ear but not exactly where i scored it. It was risen in a oval banneton but turned out round.
How to fix all of these problems? I have tried many times with many different techniques, but it nearly turns out the same every time.
My last bread was a bit under proofed, but this mabye looks a bit over proofed.
Recipie: Bread recipe for one bread 78% hydration * 340 grams water * 450 grams flour (* 375 grams bread flour * 75 grams whole wheat) * 100 grams starter - at peak * 12 grams salt
Mix water, starter, and flour on standmixer.
Let sit for 30 minutes (fermentolyse)
Add salt and knead on speed 4 for 8 minutes or until it passes the windowpane test
Put into rising container
Wait 30 minutes
Do one coil fold
Let it ferment for 4 hours or until it’s pillowy and shines
Pour onto table and form into a boule
Let sit for 20-30 minutes (preshape)
Shape into batard and put into banneton dusted with riceflour and put it into a ziplock bag
Let it sit on the counter for 30 minutes
Put it into fridge (3 degrees c) for 16 hours
Preheat oven to 275c convection
Put in dutch oven for 30 minutes
Take out the dough and flip it onto a piece of parchmentpaper
Score at a steep (45) angle to one side
Take out the dutch oven and put the bread in
Spritz with water, put the lid on and return to oven
Turn down heat to 220 c convection for 15 minutes
Turn down heat to 190c convection for remainder of time
5 minutes later remove lid from dutch oven and bake until a dark golgen brown crust is formed
Cool for 4 hours or more
submitted by JeppeBentzen to Sourdough [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 16:12 litfan35 It's early June and already 30C+, so some tips on surviving the heat

My creds: born and raised in the Amazon in Brazil. "Winter" there means 20C and rain for about 2 months, the rest of the year sits at around 30C and sunny.
I did post a comment in a thread last year which people seemed to find useful, so this will also expand on that a bit more.
At home:
  1. Buy a cheap fan (you can get them starting at £10 last I checked), place a bowl with ice/ice packs/frozen water bottles either in front or behind the fan. It will send out cool air around the room.
  2. Keep the curtains closed during the daytime (especially if you have blackouts!) but open the windows if there's a decent wind going, so you'll get a good breeze without baking the room. Once the sun goes down, open all windows and curtains before putting your ice near a fan! If there's one room in the house that doesn't get direct sunlight, have that window open as much and as long as possible. If you have a layout that allows for airflow (say a front bedroom window and a living room window towards the back) maximise that and have them both open at night to get that air moving.
  3. Avoid turning the oven on unless you want your kitchen (and/or living room, if open plan) to get even hotter.
  4. Make sure your ice tray is constantly stocked up as you're likely going to be using it a lot more than usual.
  5. Ditch the duvet. This is serious. Every year when we get a heatwave I marvel at people saying they can't sleep any night, especially because when questioned they all seem to be carrying on as usual with duvets. Some will have their "summer duvet" out and wonder why it's too hot. If you're like me and you need something on your legs to sleep, use just the duvet cover, sans duvet. Or better yet, invest in a single sheet for this exact situation as heatwaves are becoming more common.
  6. When it's really hot, a cold shower will only help as much as a scalding one would when it's freezing: temporarily and inefficiently. What you really want is to reduce movement as much as possible to give your body time to regulate so its' internal temp is closer to the external temp, thereby making you feel less hot - acclimatising. This will take time though so don't expect it to happen instantly.
On your person:
  1. Seems obvious but avoid the sun as much as possible. Not just for burning reasons, but it will make you feel hotter and compound the problem. Also if you do get sunburnt, you're then basically adding constant heat to an already hot situation. Avoid getting a sunburn at all costs.
  2. Hydrate, hydrate, hydrate. You will likely find you need to pee less during the day, but that just means your body is getting rid of the water through sweat so you have to compensate by drinking about 2x as much as normal (if not more!) to remain healthy and hydrated.
  3. Water by itself is better than nothing (always!), but something like coconut water is ideal if you're really sweating, as it hydrates, replenishes electrolytes and gives you a boost from the sugar.
  4. Try to stay indoors during the hottest part of the day if you know you struggle with the heat. If you do have to go out during that time, make like a vampire to do so: hats are your friend when out and about. As are sun glasses. And sun cream. Dig them out from the holiday bag and wear them everywhere like you're on a Greek island!
  5. Pop some plastic bottles with water in the freezer overnight so you have cold water to take with you in the morning.
  6. Wear light-coloured fabrics. Anything dark will absorb the heat while light colours will help reflect some off you.
  7. HOWEVER, prioritise natural fibre clothes (cotton, linen, etc) over synthetic. If your options are a black item in cotton or a white one in elastane, go with the black cotton every time. Reason being the natural fibres allow air in, while synthetics don't. You're more likely to not feel the sweat or heat as much in cotton which lets your body release the heat through the fabric, than in synthetic clothes that trap the sweat and heat close to your body, compounding the issue.
  8. Loose, flowing clothes are ideal. Again the goal here is allowing air in to cool you off, and not trapping your own body heat in.
  9. You may not feel as hungry as usual, but it's important to keep eating like normal so your body doesn't run out of energy.
  10. Small, light meals are best - salads and foods that don't require a lot of energy for your body to break down, to help keep your body temperature cooler.
  11. Careful with the booze + heat combo. Both dehydrate you, so you need to stay on top of the water situation or be at risk of heatstroke/a particularly heinous headache the next morning.
submitted by litfan35 to london [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 16:02 Edward_Stivenson Summer Job for College Students: Overview of Full Guide

Summer Job for College Students: Overview of Full Guide
Summer is a great time for college students to earn extra cash and gain valuable work experience. Whether you want to save up for next semester's tuition or just want to gain some new skills, exploring various ideas for summer jobs and finding the right one can be a challenge. That's why we've put together this ultimate guide on how to find a summer job in college to help you decide on one that suits you the best!
Best Summer Jobs for College Students: 5 Considerations
Amidst the abundance of opportunities, determining how to find a summer job as a college student can be challenging. To help you navigate this process, here are five essential factors to consider when searching for the best summer job that suits you:
1. Compensation
According to our essay service experts, earning potential is one of the most significant aspects to consider when looking for the best summer job for college students. This involves considering factors such as the pay rate, potential bonuses, and additional perks or benefits offered. While the federal minimum wage stands at $7.25 per hour, it's essential to note that some states have implemented higher minimum wages. For instance, California has a minimum wage of $13 per hour. Keep in mind that your earning potential can vary significantly based on the type of job you pursue and the location in which you work.
2. Dedication
When determining how to find a summer job as a teenager, it's important to assess the level of commitment the job demands. Determine if it fits well with your availability and whether you can commit to working either full-time or part-time. Since you may not be able to continue with the same job once the semester starts, prioritize seasonal work options that cater to students like you. Seek out positions specifically tailored for the summer months, as they are more suitable than roles requiring long-term commitments. By doing so, you can find a job that accommodates your academic schedule and provides the flexibility you require.
3. Timetable
Take into account the length of the job and how it aligns with your summer schedule. Evaluate whether the job's timeframe harmonizes with your other commitments and plans during the summer. While earning money is important during this time, it's also valuable to spend quality time with friends and family. Ideally, summer job ideas for college students should offer flexibility, allowing you to maintain a personal life and enjoy free time. Finding a balance between work and personal life is key to ensuring an enjoyable summer experience.
4. Expertise
To find the best summer job for you, it's important to assess your current skills and knowledge and seek job opportunities that match your expertise. Alternatively, consider positions that provide chances for skill development and practical experience in your desired field. Remember that a summer job offers more than just financial benefits; it also allows you to gain invaluable work experience.
If you're pursuing a future career in a competitive field, this experience, along with establishing a professional network, can significantly enhance your prospects of securing a job after graduation. And if you ever need to present your working experience for a summer job resume, simply ask us - 'write my paper.'
5. Reputation
It is essential to conduct research on the reputation of potential employers or organizations that offer summer jobs. Look for feedback or reviews from previous employees to assess the work environment, company culture, and overall satisfaction. A prestigious internship or office job can be highly advantageous for those planning to attend graduate school or aiming to work for well-known companies. Such experiences can greatly enhance your resume and expedite your career goals. Once you have determined your job objectives, you can begin searching for the ideal position. Meanwhile, below, you'll find a list of the best advice for finding summer jobs.
Tips on How to Find a Summer Job as a College Student
While finding a summer job for college students may seem overwhelming, it doesn't have to be. By investing some effort and strategic planning, you can discover a job that offers both financial rewards and valuable experience. Here are some extra tips to assist you in your job search:
https://preview.redd.it/ifqg9gvob05b1.png?width=1180&format=png&auto=webp&s=8574471e9ba292977d3f859102500cd695ebe939
1. Utilize Social Media - Social media can be a powerful tool when it comes to exploring summer job ideas for college students. Many local companies post job openings on their social media pages, so be sure to follow the companies you're interested in working for. Additionally, LinkedIn can be a great resource for finding job postings and networking with professionals in your field.
2. Attend Job Fairs - Many colleges and universities host job fairs throughout the year, including during the summer months. Attending these events can be a great way to meet potential employers and learn about job openings. Be sure to bring copies of your resume and dress professionally.
3. Consider Internships - While internships may not always pay as well as traditional summer jobs, they can provide valuable experience and networking opportunities. Look for internships in your field of study or in areas that interest you. Your college's career center may have information on available internships.
4. Volunteer - Volunteering can be a great way to gain experience and make connections in your field. Look for volunteer opportunities with organizations that align with your interests and career goals. Not only will you be helping others, but you'll also be building your resume.
5. Consider Freelancing - If you have a particular skill or talent, consider freelancing during the summer months. Freelancing can include anything from writing and graphic design to web development and social media management. Websites like Upwork and Fiverr can help you find freelance work.
More Summer Job Ideas for College Students
If you're still unsure of what type of job you want for the summer, here are six ideas to consider:
  1. Summer camp counselor - As a summer camps counselor, you will be responsible for supervising and engaging with campers, organizing activities, and ensuring their safety and well-being. This summer camp job offers opportunities for leadership, teamwork, and working with children.
  2. Pool lifeguard - As a pool lifeguard, your main duty is to ensure the safety of swimmers by monitoring the pool area, responding to emergencies, and enforcing rules. This role requires strong swimming skills, CPR certification, and attentiveness.
  3. Landscaper - Being a great summer job for teens, working as a landscaper involves tasks such as mowing lawns, planting flowers, trimming hedges, and maintaining outdoor spaces. This job provides an opportunity to work outdoors, develop gardening skills, and contribute to the beautification of various properties.
You might also need to present your previous working experience to your summer job employers, so a complete guide on how to list education on resume might come in handy.
Top 4 Popular Part-time Jobs for College Students
When wondering how to find a summer job for a highschool student, consider looking for some part-time jobs. During summer break, such jobs are a favored choice among college or high school students since they entail working for 20 to 35 hours per week. While the pay for these jobs is often around or slightly above the minimum wage, they provide valuable work experience and the chance to earn income. Here is a short list of part-time summer job options from our 'buy an essay' service experts:
https://preview.redd.it/br3jwzj7c05b1.png?width=1180&format=png&auto=webp&s=4f8b40064d728d1bc8dadca0103d85d5d4284ebb
  1. Ice cream shop employee - As an ice cream shop employee, you will assist customers, take orders, scoop ice cream, operate the cash register, and maintain a clean and welcoming environment. This is the summer job 14 year olds can also get, allowing them to work in a fun and fast-paced setting, interacting with customers, and gaining customer service experience.
  2. Sales Assistant -You'll learn how to communicate effectively with customers and how to close a sale. Plus, if you're interested in a career in sales, this job could be a great way to get your foot in the door.
  3. Tutor - As a tutor, you'll have the opportunity to work one-on-one with students, helping them to improve their grades and gain confidence in their abilities. You'll also develop your own teaching skills and learn how to explain complex concepts in simple terms.
  4. Restaurant Server - Although this role is physically demanding, you'll learn how to multitask, communicate effectively with customers and coworkers, and manage your time efficiently. Plus, if you're interested in a permanent position in the hospitality industry, this job could be a great way to gain experience and make connections.
Most Popular Online Jobs for College Students
With the growing prevalence of online work, remote positions have become increasingly popular. Employers now frequently offer part-time and full-time online jobs to college students, making it convenient for those taking online summer courses. Here is a brief list of ways you can choose the best online job for college students from:
  • Proofreader: Review and edit written content for errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation to ensure accuracy and clarity.
  • Translator: Convert written or spoken content from one language to another accurately and effectively.
  • Freelance writer: Create written content for clients on a freelance basis, covering a wide range of topics and industries.
  • Virtual assistant: Assist clients remotely with administrative tasks, scheduling, email management, and other organizational duties.
FAQ
Here are answers to common questions about summer jobs for college students. With these valuable insights, you will gain clarity and make informed decisions for your summer employment.
What is Required to Complete a Job Application?
When filling out a job application, you generally need to furnish personal details (such as your name, contact information, and social security number), educational history, work experience, and references. Depending on the position, you may also be asked to submit a cover letter, resume, or other job-specific documents.
What is The Most Suitable Job to Do While in College?
The choice of the most suitable job while in college varies based on personal preferences, skills, and availability. Part-time positions that offer flexibility, such as tutoring, campus ambassador roles, or research assistantships, can be great options. Internships or jobs relevant to your field of study can also provide valuable experience and networking opportunities. When selecting the best job for you, consider your interests, schedule, and long-term career goals.
Ideal Application Time for Summer Jobs for College Students
The ideal time to apply for summer jobs varies depending on the industry and job type. Some summer job internships for college students, such as camp counselor positions, start recruiting as early as January. Other jobs, such as retail or food service, may not start hiring until closer to the summer months.
By starting early, you can explore a wider range of summer job ideas, increase your chances of securing a position, and have ample time for interviews and potential negotiations.
However, don't be discouraged if you don't find a job right away. Keep applying and networking, and you'll find the perfect summer job in no time.
To Sum Up
Embarking on a summer job as a college student holds the potential for transformation, growth, and incredible opportunities. Equipped with summer job ideas, the tools, and insights from our ultimate guide, you can now embark on your search with confidence. Seize the summer ahead and discover a job that not only covers your college expenses but also propels you toward a successful future. The possibilities are boundless, so embrace this exciting journey and make the most of your summer job hire experience!
submitted by Edward_Stivenson to students_essay_help [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 14:53 yakhinvadim Saturday, June 10 — 3 significant news stories

Saturday, June 10 — 3 significant news stories
Today ChatGPT read 948 top news stories and gave 4 of them a significance score over 7.
https://preview.redd.it/zr6mqtcrt65b1.png?width=1292&format=png&auto=webp&s=8f655fd6217d128256008e8d6810ba9ac8db13c0
After removing previously covered events, here is today’s significant news:
[7.9] Putin claims Ukrainian counteroffensive fails with heavy casualties — Reuters
Russian President Vladimir Putin has said that Ukrainian forces have begun their expected counteroffensive in intense fighting in Ukraine, but that every attempted advance has failed, at a heavy cost in casualties. Russia's Defence Ministry earlier said it had repelled fierce attacks in the Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk regions, causing more than 1,000 Ukrainian casualties and destroying dozens of tanks and armoured vehicles, but it offered no evidence for its assertions. Putin said Ukraine's casualties significantly exceeded the classical ratio of three attackers to one defender. The fate of the counteroffensive, supported by tens of billions of dollars in Western weapons, is likely to influence the shape of future Western diplomatic and military support for Ukraine.
[7.5] Collapse of Kakhova dam worsens Ukraine's humanitarian crisis, affecting global food prices — The Guardian
The United Nations' top aid official, Martin Griffiths, has warned that Ukraine's humanitarian crisis has worsened significantly following the collapse of the Kakhova dam. Approximately 700,000 people require drinking water, and the flooding of agricultural land in one of the world's most important breadbaskets will result in a "cascade of problems," including lower grain exports, higher food prices worldwide, and less food for millions in need. The UN has reached 30,000 people in flooded areas under Ukrainian control, mainly through Ukrainian aid groups.
[7.2] WHO releases new design recommendations for hospitals in the European Region — News-Medical.Net
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has released new design recommendations for hospitals in the European Region, developed in partnership with the Politecnico di Milano. The guidelines emphasise the importance of designing hospitals that are resilient to natural and man-made disasters, with a focus on safety and comfort. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of hospital environments in the transmission of pathogens, and the guidelines aim to ensure sustainable compliance with hygiene standards. The recommendations cover hospital location, green spaces, accessibility, digitisation, infection control, and sustainability. The guidelines are aimed at health institutions, health organisations, and their governance bodies, as well as architects and technicians working on health infrastructure.
Want to read more?
See additional news on newsminimalist.com.
Thanks for reading us and see you tomorrow, News Minimalist
submitted by yakhinvadim to NewsMinimalist [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 14:44 Henry-Moody Pavilions 50 cal sourdough, I think I lub joo.

Pavilions 50 cal sourdough, I think I lub joo.
Went on Oregon trip to see long time bestie. Found this incredible, thick, fluffy soft mouthfeel 90 calorie/slice Sourdough called “Grandma Sycamore’s Home Maid (sic) Sourdough”. Spelling is correct..
I got home and must have hit up 6 different store chains in the south bay LA area looking for it after checking their website. No luck! :( my sourdough life is incomplete.
But I did happen to find this gem, 50 cal/slice sourdough. And it doesn’t taste like fucking cardboard either. It’s pretty good. Am just AMAZED how low calorie it is. I even wondered if it was a misprint!
I’m like, making French toast with it and egg whites. Each slice couldn’t be more than 75 calories+toppings. Next time I make some plate worthy ones I’ll post.
Anyway just wanted to share, I love this bread. Kroger at Ralph’s has a 60 cal runner up btw, still evaluating.
submitted by Henry-Moody to 1200isplenty [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 14:03 Backstabber590 2 of the cinnamon rolls don't have cinnamon on top.

2 of the cinnamon rolls don't have cinnamon on top.
I bought a 2 pack of Pillsbury cinnamon rolls. The first set of rolls had 1 missing the cinnamon on top and now this one has 2 missing the cinnamon.
submitted by Backstabber590 to mildlyinfuriating [link] [comments]


2023.06.10 13:35 willmagnify Notes on “A Tale of Two Cities: the development of early Arhada city states (0-500 AD)”, Part 2

Note to self 93,
Made it back to the library. "A Tale of two cities" was still there waiting for me, thankfully (the beauty of having niche interests!). I moved on to the chapters speaking directly about the two case studies and copied the most interesting passages.
These were the most noteworthy parts on Kamābarha:
1. Kamābarha – Establishment and growth
Though there is still a certain degree of debate, scholars speculate that Kamābarha is the earliest of Arhada cities. It would be expected, considering its proximity to a great number of Middle Pottery sites and its strategic location at the intersection of the Great lake and the southern basin, offering opportunities for a higher degree of cultural interaction – which inevitably leads to cultural maturity.
Indeed, the rise of Kamābarha has left tangible markings in the archaeological record: the construction of Kamābarha III, the layer that first gives us some indication of a level of state control over the region (in the form of contract tablets and other material remains, symbolism associated with governance and a mature elite power, as well as the sheer size of its palace and granary) has been unanimously placed in the 6th century BD. For the purposes of this text, we are interested in understanding what the city looked like before and immediately after that date, in order to understand its peculiar character, as well as the ingredients that brought its success.
[...]
Kamābarha's wealth was chiefly in its copper reserves. The stretch of land between the Great lake and the southern Tritonean lakes, traversed by what the Arhada referred to as Green River, contained plentiful mineral deposits, ranging from pure copper, silver, and zinc-contaminated copper, otherwise known as "natural brass". This naturally occurring alloy was perhaps Kamābarha greatest export, although the metallurgical culture of Formative Tritonea was rather scant, and most uses for these metals were either decorative or for the production of cold-worked arrowheads. These items are found as far west as early Hortens sites and as far south as the Aluwa. They were either transported as fully formed arrowheads or as plates which were then worked locally by the importers. Within the confines of Kamābarha and its environs, however, we can find a higher ratio of copper artisanal goods and artistic objects than weapons: an indication of a lack of pressure to militarise. Brass is found on the decorations of Kamābarha's palace, in the form of mirrors, bracelets, jewellery. The oldest example of a painted copper plate – a typical Arhadan decorative items consisting of a flat copper surface covered on both sides with oil paint, was found in Kamābarha III. Chemical analyses confirm that what appears today as a simple oxidised copper disk was in fact coloured with bright pecan oil based paints.
That is not to say that the production of military gear, or, indeed, warfare, was inexistent. The dispersal of arrowheads along the north shore of the Great Lake gives us a clear indication that Kamābarha's influence was not based only on agricultural wealth or cultural influence: some amount of force was indeed employed in the creation of its political network.
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2. Kamābarha –Internal Politics
Kamābarha's political structure was the natural evolution of the typical characters of pre-formative Arhada centres, as discussed earlier. At the top of the hierarchy were the "famous", as the nobility was known, and below was everyone else. Tracing the rise to power of the "famous" clans is no easy feat, but its clear that, through generations of wealth accumulation, a set of dynamics which allowed the flourishing of a restricted group of landowners culminated in a clear class divide between this group of hereditary leaders and the manpower contributing to their wealth.
At the time of Kamābarha III it seems like four or five clans shared the spaces of the palatial district, with the number dropping to three, either through the merger of two clans or the extinguishing of the families, in the 7th century. This has been suggested by the symbolism prevalent on funerary urns found within the site, with each clan being associated with a specific symbol: in early Kamābarha III we find the tortoise, the heron, the parrot, and two variations of the burning house motif – one flanked by two pecan trees, the other standing on its own. It's unknown whether the last two represented a single clan or two separate ones. As the period progressed, however, we find that later urns are only marked with heron, parrot and burning house logograms. These three clans probably included a great deal of people, between the matriarchs, the leaders and a third class of non-inheriting clan members.
Power was seemingly based on seniority, passing from the son of the eldest matriarch, who would hold leadership within the village, to the next; his second in line – either a brother or the son of the second-senior matriarch – would act as a representative. Note how power passes from the matriarchs, and not from the men themselves: it's the eldest mother that produces the city's leader, but that does not mean that the leader is necessarily the senior nobleman.
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One aspect of this system that is currently under debate is whether the wealth of the four (later three) clans was pooled together or if they maintained some additional independent wealth: it would seem like that was the case. It is now believed that the Ibosso hadân (marriage vessel) was treated as a person's independent wealth: each clan would put the wealth of their Ibosso hadân together with the other members of their clan, but separate from the common wealth of the city; non-inheriting clan members would keep theirs separate shares. All other goods – the herds, the harvest from the paddies, and items produced by the clan for the treasury – were handled communally by the Council of the matriarchs and the two male leaders: the internal leader, or "First Leader", handling issues pertaining to the administration of the city at large, and an external one, a "Second Leader", whose duties involved diplomatic journeys to client villages and the collection of payments.
A diagram of power relations in Kamābarha, for reference. I was impressed by how mobile social classes were, even within such a hierarchical society. There's an entire chapter dedicated to this:
2.b Kamābarha –Lower Classes and social mobility
Overall, two other social classes were recognised aside from the members of the famous clans; the commoners and the clanless. The commoners formed the bulk of the population: there could have been anything between one and two hundred minor clans inhabiting Kamābarha, most of which were farmers and horticulturalists, but many of whom were moving towards specific arts and crafts as the quality of life increased due to the higher level food security provided by the state. The men of this social class would be called for military duty by the leadership in times of war – when the time came to exact payment by force from a client city, for example – but all evidence points to this being a rather rare occasion. Clans mostly contributed to the palace economy, in the form of corvée labour (wherein each clan had to provide a fixed number of workers for the paddy) or the production of specialised goods. Because of this, having a clan could prove to be expensive, and when those payments could not be met, clanhood would be revoked: this gave rise to the Clanless, a more generalistic group comprised of those without the means to provide work to the palace as an organised force as well as all prisoners of war, foreigners or recent immigrants that have not yet entered the social fabric of the city. These people worked the paddies in exchange for wages, paid in the form of zizania or tobacco, and would be the first group to which the most labour intensive jobs were assigned.
That is not to say that people statically belonged to one class or other; People of a famous clan could intermarry with commoners – this was somewhat rare, as the preference was to marry within one of the other famous families or with the upper class of the other cities, both client and independent. But in times of need, when there weren't suitable partners of the same generation, the Matriarchs who regulated upper class unions, could allow a commoner to enter their group. Another means of social betterment for commoners was being chosen as a favourite at the palace: when an artist or artisan – commonly a woman, but sometimes a man as well – was considered to be highly skilled by a member of the four inner clans, they could chose to sponsor them, sacrificing personal wealth to allow them to live at the palace, where they would continue their craft for the benefit of the palace's treasury. Within the palace, Favourites were then allowed to marry and reside until their death: their children, growing with the children of the famous clans, often grew up to be considered suitable marriage partners. The Clanless had ways to climb the social ladder as well: becoming a Kabaima, a helper, for the inhabitants palace was considered to be an honourable post, the highest honour for someone without a Clan. They were similarly allowed to live and marry within the palace, and where often given some payment for their descendants at the end of their service, when they reached old age or died.
In an intermediary position the commoners and the famous where the non-inheriting children of the latter. The sons and daughters of the men of the clan were not included in the matrilineal passage of power and had to find themselves a position in society: the men were often encouraged to join the "high guard", responsible for the private property of the clan within the city, and both men and women could become "Shrine keepers", organising religious functions and overseeing the community who took care of the shrine's upkeep. These positions were open to commoners too, but Famous commoners, due to their closeness to the clan (and thus, to leadership), were preferred for this kind of position.
I was fascinated about the "Shrine Keeper" figure, but I could find very little about it. I found this on shrines, though:
5. Kamābarha – Early Tritonean shrines, the rise of an architectural typology:
Within the context of northern Arhada cities, we can see the emergence of a new building type: specialised shrines, independent of the palace district. These prove to be an evolution of the domestic type: the courtyard framing a centred, central-plan building was a clear re-elaboration of palaces; the difference however is in the proportions between the single parts. The courtyard building surrounding the shrine proper, now a mere framing device, grew narrower and shorter, while the central building acquired prominence, both in size and in height. The central structure contained one large square room where votive statuettes, offerings and precious materials were gifted from people honouring the spirits to whom the shrine was dedicated. Because early shrines were made of wood, we have little direct information regarding their appearance, for which we need to employ pictorial and sculptural sources (clay models of shrines are a common pottery item, used for votive purposes). It has been proposed that early shrines were often rebuilt as the object of devotion changed according to the needs of the city – it's believed that this rebuilding of the shrine often corresponded with the promotion of a new Shrine Keeper. Eventually, shrines would be built in more durable materials, making rebuilding less practical, but in this early stage the reconstruction of the shrine was probably a ritual occurrence.
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It must be noted that shrines had their way of accumulating wealth, through the management of the offerings given by the devout: some shrines in Kamābarha had enough to surpass a number of the wealthiest non-famous Clans. Because the appointment to shrines was handled by the council of Matriarchs, however, the Famous Clans always had a way to indirectly handle those resources, through the appointment of a family member.
I copied some more drawings: one is a fascinating scheme of how temple typologies became more and more complex through the ages (though the last example is some 1000 years outside the timeline of the essay) and the other is an axonometric view of temple "E".
I will be briefer on Amadahai, skipping all the things that are shared between the two cities. There are a couple of divergences that I think shed some light on how differently the political environment of the two cities evolved.
1. Amadahai – Establishment and Growth
One key difference between Amadahai and Kamābarha was in their location: while Kamābarha was built along the coast of the Great Lake, Amadahai was founded in a strategic location at the head of the land bridge that closes off most of the small lake Thidorovôdjo from the larger Odjohivôdjo. This thin strip of land was reinforced with rows of paddies on both sides, creating a lush environment for the agricultural production of the urban centre. The warmer climate of Amadahai also provided the locals with a longer growing season, ensuring a higher production of high quality fruits and fruit products – wines, preserves, oil – that would be traded all over Tritonea and beyond. It seems that Amadahai's initial wealth was derived especially from this production and a booming trade of cosmetics in the form of spiced and perfumed oils, the large scale production of pigments such as indigo dye, ochre, and oil paint. It is worth dedicating a few words to this last product: while oil paints, as mixtures of pecan oil and pigments, had been used throughout Arhadan territory for some time (especially within the Southern Pottery School), Amadahai is the first site where the chemical analyses of archeological findings detected the use of hempseed oil – which acts as a better drying oil. Indeed, the high quality of the paintwork in pottery is one of the key feature of the Southern Pottery school, and some examples of painted pots, pipes and oil vessels are still visible today, with several exemplars being held at Newtown's Royal Museum of Horean Archaology. Tobacco was another notable export of the city and its wider political network: its climate was well suited for the cultivation of the leaf which was then carried throughout the lake system.
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Amadahai also served as a centre of agricultural development, with the innovation of at least two very important crops being connected to the site of Amadahai II (contemporary with Kamābarha III). The first is Taraxacum ceratophorum, the wild Tritonean Dandelion, which the Arhada domesticated around the 5th Century, and began to select over the course of the next Centuries to obtain a series of crops we commonly eat to this day. Taraxacum was used for a number of different functions: the roots could be used to create brews, the leaves could be eaten raw, the petals could be crushed into dyes or used as aromatics.
Even more economically important was the creation of the Cattail variant Typha domestica var. lanifera, also called "Southern Cattail" or "Wooly Cattail". The fluff of wild cattails was hard to spin because of the shortness of the strands. As such, hemp-cattail blends started off as a common alternative to either of the pure fibre, softening the roughness of hemp and supplementing the scarcity of workable Typha fibre. Over the years, as cattail-flower fibre goods became more prised for their soft texture, the plant was selected for longer and sturdier fibres, larger heads and shorter stalks. The gathering of the fibre was light enough work to allow for the material to spread even thogh the cattail itself, domesticated from Typha Domingensis, required warmer climates, impeding its spread to the northern half of the Arhada territories in lake Sibozjivôro. This ensured that its cultivation would remain a southern specialty for some time, further ensuring Amadahai's commercial success.
A picture of the Wooly Cattail from the book! I had no idea it was first domesticated there, though thinking about it, it makes sense. I suppose I have to thank the people of Amadahai for the sweater I'm wearing right now. Some notes on politics, then I'll have to leave the library – the old man at the desk is giving me looks.
2. Amadahai – Internal Politics
The key differences in the political structure of early Amadahai can be easily appreciated when ne observes the power structures within its leadership class. Where Kamābarha had four or three leading clans, Amadahai maintains a stable number of six clans.
Amadahai's political diagram for reference.
Because the members of the leading families represent a greater percentage of the city's demography, the leadership of early Amadahai is thought to be less top-heavy: all mothers of the six ruling clans participated in the council and, rather than having a single elder matriarch as the head of the council – as was the case in Kamābarha –, the duties of the council were split between three members, elected by the matriarchs amongst the matriarchs.
The "Speaker" had a similar functions to the senior matriarch of Kamābarha but her role was mostly that of a representative and prima inter pares, rather than a final authority. She was flanked by two peers, equally chosen by the entire council: a "Treasure mother", who acted as a steward for the shared wealth of the clans, and a "Lore mother". The responsibilities of this final figure were perhaps the widest: amongst them was a cereful knowledge of genealogy and the history of Amadahai and all its client cities, the recording of contracts of obeisance and clientele, the approval and arrangement of marriages between members of the Famous clans, as well as the mentorship of younger women who might succeed her. While the Speaker of the council evidently held the most outwardly active role, the Lore Mother, in lieu of her deep knowledge, wisdom and powerful responsibilities, was treated with the most respect amongst the three.
If we look at the political role of men, we can see that even their division of power was more egalitarian than in Kamābarha: while we can still notice a clear division between First Leader and Second Leader, in a similar fashion to what we see in the northern city, we find that the second leader does not act independently in matters of war, being assisted instead by a war council formed of all the adult men of the clan. This speaks to Amadahai's deeper martial culture, born of a more conflictual relationship with its southern neighbours. The war council culminated in the creation of a sort of military elite – hunting and engaging in sporting culture during times of peace and commanding forces of commoners and clansless people in times of war. This is visible in the developement of specialised weapons (in Amadahai II we see the first depictions of recurve self bows in pictographs, pottery and sculpture) as well as an increase in arrowhead production dated from this period. There is current debate over whether the "Famous commoner" class could join this group, but the consensus seems to be that while they could become commanders, they did not have the rights to speak or vote in the war council proper.
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While both an elite military role and priesthood were acceptable paths for famous commoners, it seems that these options were barred to all other commoners (another difference from Kamābarha). Again, this is possibly explained by the higher numbers of nobles in the city. A "lower guard", overseeing the protection of everything within the city but outside the palace was manned by commoners, whereas the "higher guard", acting as personal protectors of the Famous men and right hand men in times of war, were chosen exclusively amongst the non-inheriting relatives of the clan. The same goes for the priesthood: men and women of the clan's blood but outside the line of inheritance were invited to oversee the running of a temple: to be appointed, a "famous commoner" would require the backing of a member of one of the clans – usually via their father – and unanimous consent from all the members of the high leadership: the three matriarchs and the two leaders. These postings were diplomatically and economically sensitive: they allowed one of the clans to give an affiliated party a role within the leadership of a shrine, tapping into additional resources for the benefit of their family.
Alright, I guess that's enough research for my thesis – I'm super tired. I might still borrow this book when I can. End of note.
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