Introduction
It's widely believed that Canada doesn't really need a comprehensive defence policy. However, recent have clearly demonstrated that Ottawa could no longer rely on the status quo, as an open hostile Russia has been completely but an increasingly aggressive China.
While avoiding direct conformation, the Government of Canada is announcing a compressive package of retaliatory measures that are sent to enter into force
within the next 12 months. This invokes proportionate reduction in Chinese diplomatic presence in Canada, as well significantly increased stringency of security screening for Chinese companies operating in Canada.
Ottawa continues to stand its ground on the newly announced immigration measures. However, Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada has also outlined a package of additional measures. This involve treating all
Chinese nationals coming to Canada as de-facto asylum seekers in terms of security screening. While normally IRCC would do their best to cooperate with Chinese state authorises, when conduction background verifications, and security checks, now the Government of Canada
shall suspend all current and future requests, as well as refuse to provide any information about Chinese nationals currently present in Canada or applying for Canadian Temporary or Permanent Residence Visas. Additionally, Canada shall cooperate with its allies to allow Chinese national visas in
foil-less visas, as well as damaged or expired travel documents, so long an can provide a verifiable copy if their Chinese nationality.
Notably, current applicants for Permanent Residence in Canada will be eligible to apply for a Open Work and Study Permits in case their experiences in China may not be verified, to compensate for the loss of points on foreign experience with additional time in Canada.
Canada is also waiving quota of family reunification applicants for Chinese nationals, as well as removing income eligibility requirements, allowing Chinese nationality to bring their partners, parents, and grandparents, as well as dependents to Canada as temporary or permanent residents.
Additionally, Canada shall immediately declare a
Chinese Ambassador Persona Non-Grata, as well as suspend Canadian non-diplomatic representation in China, including emergency evaluation of the IRCC office in Beijing, as well as a "stand-by" order for all Canadian diplomatic staff in China, eyeing possible retaliation by the PRC's government.
Canada shall also introduce major restrictions on Chinese investment into the country, requiring any investment coming from a Chinese national without TRV or PR status in Canada to be reviewed before approval, with identical requirements introduced for Chinese companies - incorporated in China or majority-Chinese owned - investing into Canada, including equity and public debt.
The Government of Canada also issues an "
avoid all travel" advisory to Canadian citizens to the People's Republic, as well as its Special Administrative Regions. Global Affairs Canada is currently recruiting private companies for Canadian citizens and Permanent as well Temporary Residents to immediately return home.
Canadian companies are also advised to
immediately suspend their operations in China, as well as disengage with their Chinese suppliers and customers for the fear of possible retaliation.
Furthermore, Ottawa is set to suspend security clearances of Chinese companies acting in the public procurement space, with an immediate revocation of all export permits for Canadian companies to sell to China, when it requires export authorisation. Canadian companies shall also be prohibited from holding or obtaining assets in China or Chinese companies.
Global Affairs Canada has also advised the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that Canada shall considering introducing
"external equivalence" when it comes to China and Russia. Any further escalation from the People's Republic shall be met by gradually increasing economic pressure on China, until the country shall face same resections currently experienced by the Russian Federation.
Canada shall also follow through with the
Foreign Influence Registration & Monitoring - a document jointly composed by the Canadian Security & Intelligence Service, and FINTRAC - Canada's anti-laundering watchdog. FIRM aims to provide an open source database of foreign nationals an entities who've been suspected or proven to be interfering with Canadian domestic affairs or have employed illegal instruments to influence Canadian decision-makers. An entity or individual listed under FIRM shall be prohibited from acquiring Canadian assets, as well as using Canadian finical system anywhere in the world. Notably, while FIRM limitations kick in immediately when an entity or an individual entity the list, CSIS and FINTRAC still have to prove their case in court, with restrictions maintained until the court rules otherwise.
However, most importantly,
Canada is announcing its desire to join AUKUS following closed negations with Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Under the terms of the brokered deal, Canada becomes an immediate member of the trilateral security agreement, with full access to AUKUS' non-nuclear Pillar II component, to foster greater technological and industrial cooperation. Access to Pillar I - pushing nuclear powered submarines - shall be temporary restricted for 2 years, allowing Canada and the original AUKUS members to negotiate both procurement and technology transfer with Canada.
CAUKUS would also see the Agreement's significant expansion of the agreement, including closer alignment of defence & procurement, as well as increased coordination of export controls and industrial strategy development.
Finance Canada has also declared Canada shall increase its defence spending immediately to exceed the 2 per cent target, with full indexing on unspent funds earmarked preciously.
Areas covered by C-AUKUS
The Agreement is largely focusing on allowing Member States to catch up with third countries in critical technologies, while straightening their existing lead in areas where either individual or combined competency of the Member Sates provides for a competitive advantage.
The agreement covers several technologies deemed to be critical for both national security of future competitiveness.
GENERAL DEFENCE
Autonomous systems - systems that can perform assigned tasks with our the need for human interference that included uncrewed underwater vehicles, industrial robots, as well transpiration units and weapon systems.
Advanced undersea wireless communication - includes equipment and techniques that ensure underseas communication with low error rates across longer distances, that are often used by submarines and autonomous underwater vehicles. Specific technologies include extremely-low frequency (ELF) communications, as well as transmitting antennas, acoustic, laser, and LED communication, and maritime sound analysis.
Adversarial AI & reverse engineering - developing safeguards for excusing AI and neural networks for present their use by adversaries, including using original data clusters and utilising captured analysis techniques.
Air-independent propulsion - mainly through compact energy generation, mainly used ion underwater autonomous vehicles. Those include developments of hydrogen fuel cells and Stirling engines, to enable longer underwater operability.
Autonomous underwater vehicles that are able to operate over long distances, without human interference limited to basic route planning. Those vehicles are most widely used in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions in addition to anti-submarine warfare.
Electronic warfare utilise electromagnetic spectrum to deny, degrade, disrupt, deceive, or destroy and adversary’s electronic systems or enable forces to operate in contested and degraded environments, such as electronic protection. This involves collection, analysis and processing of electromagnetic signals for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance to support targeting and operational planning . It also includes collection of foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). Specific techniques GPS jamming, GPS spoofing, communication jamming, communication masking, and frequency-hopping communication.
Hypersonic detection, tracking, and characterisation for glide vehicles, including trajectory projection and early detection, with land, ship, air, and space-based sensors and algorithms for rapid trajectory analysis.
Sonar and acoustic sensors used to identify and locate underseas objects. Applications for sonar and acoustic sensors include monitoring marine wildlife, and threat detection, identification and targeting for defence.
ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING
Additive manufacturing (including 3D printing) - which is manufacturing physical objects by depositing materials layer by layer according to a digital blueprint or 3D model, regardless of their size or metal structures. Applications for additive manufacturing include rapid prototyping and making custom or small quantity components.
Advanced composite materials include new materials created by combining two or more materials with different properties, without dissolving or blending them into each other. Examples include carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics and laminated materials. Applications include vehicle protection, signature reducing materials, construction materials and wind turbine components.
Advanced explosives and energetic materials - materials with large amounts of stored or potential energy that can produce an explosion. Applications for advanced explosives and energetic materials include mining, civil engineering, manufacturing and defence.
Advanced magnets and superconductors - strong permanent magnets that require no or few critical minerals. Applications include scientific research, smartphones, data storage, health care, power generation and electric motors. While superconductors are materials that have no electrical resistance, ideally at room temperature and pressure that create strong magnetic fields, used for medical imaging, transferring electricity without loss, and hardware for quantum computers.
Advanced protection clothing and equipment serve to protect defence, law enforcement and public safety personnel and defence platforms from physical injury and/or chemical or biological hazards. Such as helmets, fire-retardant fabrics, respirators, and body armour.
Continuous flow chemical synthesis produces fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals using continuous-flow processes, rather than batches. Flow chemistry can make chemicals and pharmaceuticals faster, more consistently and with less wast. Applications for continuous flow chemical synthesis include rapid analysis of chemical reactions, and manufacturing industrial chemicals, agrichemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Coatings Substances are substances applied to surfaces to add useful properties like preventing biofouling, repelling water, reducing visibility to radar, enhancing thermal efficiency - for example in hypersonics - and preventing corrosion.
Critical minerals extraction and processing systems and processes to extract and process critical minerals that includes mining, concentrating minerals, and manufacturing battery-grade chemicals.
High-specification machining processes involve cutting and shaping raw materials into precise components using advanced tools such as, lathes, laser cutting, and water jet cutting. Those are used in aerospace manufacturing and other industries for high-grade precise production.
Nanoscale materials and manufacturing nvolve materials with features smaller than 100 nanometers and the technologies used to produce them. Applications include various fields such as pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, data storage, communications, semiconductors, carbon dioxide capture, and nanoscale tracking markers for important materials.
Novel meta-materials - new synthetic materials that have properties that do not occur naturally, such as the ability to bend light or radio waves backwards. Applications for novel metamaterials include energy capture and storage, radio antennae, and adaptive camouflage.
Smart materials that have properties that change in response to external pressures, such as shape memory alloys that change shape when heated and self-healing materials. Applications for smart materials include clothing, body armour, building materials and consumer electronics.
AI, COMPUTING, COMMUNICATIONS
Advanced data analytics involves systems, processes, and techniques for analysing large volumes of data (known as 'big data') to extract valuable insights with minimal human involvement. It is used in medical diagnosis, acoustic analytics, regulatory compliance, insurance, climate monitoring, infrastructure forecasting, national security.
Advanced integrated circuit design and fabrication focus on creating complex integrated circuits using process nodes below 10 nanometres. This includes designing systems-on-chip (SoC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), stacked memory on chip, and specialised microprocessors for the defence industry.
Advanced optical communications utilise light to transfer information over optical fibre, such as air or the vacuum of space. Those employ laser technologies and other means to achieve faster, more reliable, efficient, and energy-efficient information transfer. Applications for advanced optical communications include high-speed Earth satellite communications, short-range visible light communications, narrow-beam laser communications, and multi-gigabit broadband and corporate networks.
Advanced radiofrequency communications (including 5G and 6G) use radio waves to transfer information through free space. They employ novel techniques, advanced antennas, and beamforming technologies to achieve faster, more reliable, efficient, and energy-saving communication. Applications include satellites, cellular networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, sensor networks, connected vehicles, medical devices, and public safety services.
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and hardware accelerators perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as virtual assistants, process automation, virtual and augmented reality, creating realistic video game environments and characters, public transport planning and optimisation, crop and livestock management, and defence. AI hardware accelerators are specialised computer hardware designed to run optimised AI algorithms in smartphones, portable virtual and augmented reality systems, and low-power internet of things (IoT) sensors.
Distributed ledgers are systems that record transactions, contracts, across multiple systems or locations. They eliminate the need for a central authority, making transactions and records more secure against cyber-attacks and fraud. Blockchain is an example of a distributed ledger, and Bitcoin uses it for financial transactions. Applications for distributed ledgers include cryptocurrencies, supply chain verification, product provenance and emissions monitoring, tracking recyclable content, land records, and share trading.
High performance computing refers to computer systems such as supercomputers, that are significantly more powerful than consumer devices such as desktops and laptops that excel at processing large amounts of data and performing complex calculations that are beyond the capabilities of other devices, used in areas such as climate modelling, computational chemistry, and high-quality computer graphics for film and television.
Machine learning that included neural networks and deep learning. Applications for machine learning include computer vision, facial recognition, cybersecurity, media creation, virtual and augmented reality systems, media manipulation (e.g. deepfakes), content recommendation systems, and search engines.
Natural language processing includes speech and text recognition and analysis, refers to systems that enable computers to recognise, understand, and use written and/or spoken language in a manner similar to human communication. NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence. Applications for NLP include predictive text, language translation, virtual assistants and chatbots, summarizing lengthy documents, sentiment analysis, and enhancing the accessibility and inclusivity of technologies.
Protective cyber security include, algorithms and hardware that are designed to enable a cyber security enhancement. Applications of those technologies include but are not limited to: operational technology security, authentication infrastructures, protection of aggregated data sets, protection of AI systems and supply chain security.
LIFE SCIENCES & HEALTHCARE
Biological manufacturing uses living cells to make useful chemicals or materials, especially in the pharmaceutical sector with fermentation products, biologic medicines such as antibodies and enzyme replacement therapies, and enzymes for environmental remediation and recycling plastics.
Synthetic biology creates biological systems and devices that have useful functions not found in nature. Applications for synthetic biology include creating microorganisms that can clean-up environmental pollutants and recycle plastics, manufacturing animal-free meat and dairy products, and biological computers.
Vaccines and medical countermeasures refer to technologies that allow quickly develop and manufacture vaccines, drugs, biologic products and devices used to diagnose and treat emerging infectious diseases and medical conditions caused by exposure to harmful chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear substances. Applications for vaccines and medical countermeasures include public health emergencies, industrial accidents and defence.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
Biofuels include fuels produced from biological or organic sources. Examples include biogas and biodiesel derived from plant biomass, and bioethanol from crops such as corn and sugar cane.
Directed energy technologies transfer energy between two points in free space. Applications for directed energy technologies include powering consumer electronics, recharging electric vehicles, powering aerial drones, ground-space energy transfer, wireless sensor networks and internet of things devices, and advanced weapons.
Electric batteries utilise various materials and chemistries (e.g. lithium-ion (Li-ion), nickel metal hydride battery (Ni-MH)) and form factors (e.g. flow batteries for stationary grid storage, polymer electrolytes for vehicles and personal devices). Applications for electric batteries include electrified road and air transport, smartphones and personal electronic devices, medical devices and grid energy storage.
Green, Blue hydrogen and ammonia involve production, storage, distribution and use of hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) for heat and electricity generation. Hydrogen and ammonia are potential low or zero emission, zero-carbon alternatives to fossil fuels and electric batteries. Applications for hydrogen and ammonia include energy storage and as a fuel source for aviation and marine transport, long distance road transport and heating.
Nuclear energy, including cost-saving nuclear technologies and Small Modular Reactors. Applications include energy production for self-contained and/or remote uses, such as space travel, submarines, scientific research and medical isotope production.
Nuclear waste management aims safely dispose of, or reuse or reprocess radioactive waste products from medical, industrial and research practices, i.e. converting radioactive liquid waste into synthetic rock to minimise leeching, and reprocessing spent radioactive fuel for use in long-life, low-power batteries. Applications include environmental protection and extending the useful life of nuclear material.
Photovoltaics convert solar energy into electricity using layers of semiconductor materials. Applications for photovoltaics include low-emissions power stations, rooftop solar power, spacecraft and personal electronics.
Supercapacitors can store large amounts of energy in small volumes. Supercapacitors store less energy and for shorter durations than rechargeable batteries, but can accumulate and deliver charge much faster than rechargeable batteries, and tolerate many more charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries before performance degrades. Applications for supercapacitors include regenerative braking, smartphones and personal electronic devices, grid energy storage and defence.
QUANTUM & AI
Post-quantum cryptography is based on mathematical techniques for ensuring that information stays private, authentic, while resisting attacks by both quantum and non-quantum computers. The leading application for post-quantum cryptography is securing online communications against attacks using quantum computers. Because quantum computers can efficiently solve the ‘hard’ mathematical problems we currently rely on to protect online communications.
Quantum communications (including quantum key distribution) allow to communicate quantum information at a distance, including cryptographic keys. Applications for quantum communications include transferring information between quantum computers and sharing cryptographic keys (which are like secret passwords) between distant people in a way that means it is impossible for anyone else to copy.
Quantum computing deploys algorithms that depend directly on quantum mechanical properties and effects to perform computations to solve particular types of problems much faster than existing computers, including problems that are not practical to solve using even the most powerful classical computers imaginable. Applications for quantum computing accurately simulating chemical and biological processes, revealing secret communications, machine learning and efficiently optimising very complex systems.
Quantum sensors utilise quantum mechanical properties and effects for high precision and high sensitivity measurements. Applications for quantum sensors include enhanced imaging, passive navigation, remote sensing, quantum radar, and threat detection for defence.
Photonic sensors use light to detect changes in the environment or in materials. Applications for photonic sensors are broad, ranging from mainstream photography, through to sensors for environments where electrical or chemical based sensors are impractical or unreliable, such as laser based gas sensors to detect explosive materials or flexible photonic sensors embedded inside the human body to monitor bodily processes.
SPACE, ROBOTICS, TRANSPORTATION
Advanced aircraft engines (including hypersonics) enable greater speed, range, and fuel-efficiency for aerial vehicles. Examples include hypersonic technologies such as ramjet and scramjet engines that allow aircraft and weapons to travel beyond Mach 5.
Advanced robotics are capable of performing complex manual tasks usually performed by humans, including by teaming with humans and/or self-assembling to adapt to new or changed environments, such as industry and manufacturing, defence and public safety, and healthcare and household tasks.
Civil autonomous systems technologies deliver machines that can independently perform tasks under limited direction or guidance by a human operator in passenger and freight transport, un crewed underwater vehicles, industrial robots, public safety and defence.
Drones, swarming and collaborative robots cover air, ground, surface and underwater vehicles and robots that can achieve goals with limited or no human direction, or collaborate to achieve common goals in a self-organising swarm. Applications for drones, swarming and collaborative robots include public safety, environmental monitoring, agriculture, logistics, and defence.
Small satellites are relatively low mass and size, usually mass under 500 kg and no larger than a domestic refrigerator or washing machine. Applications for small satellites include lower-cost earth observation constellations and wide area communications networks.
Space launch systems (including launch vehicles and supporting infrastructure) that are used transport payloads—such as satellites or spacecraft—from the surface of the Earth to space safely, reliably and cost-effectively. Applications for space launch systems include launching defence, commercial, and scientific and research payloads into earth orbit.
CHALLENGE-BASED INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION
However, some projects may not fall directly within the areas covered by the agreement, thus narrowing the impact of the deal. To ensure the funding streams remain available for the broader array of private and public sector actors, allowing preferential treatment of projects aimed to addressing shared concerns, even if formally falling outside of the scope of original agreement.
- Net Zero Stream - supports reproach, commercialisation, and diffusion for projects that may not necessarily develop new technologies, however result in sizeable reductions on greenhouse emissions, such as CO2 or methane.
- General Competition Consideration commits national governments to maintaining a more diverse of suppliers within the Alliance. This includes providing preferential treatment for procurement and business assistance programmes to companies to preserve more competitive domestic market or reduce market concentration.
- Critical Supply De-Risking mandates mandates governments to use subsidies, defence procurement, and other incentives to nurture within-the-block capacity to compete and effectively replace potentially risky suppliers, in areas that the government deems critical for national security, so long it remains in line with general non-discrimination treatment of supplies from other Member States. By Suppler Chain De-Risking applies to all industries covered by the agreement, as well as industrial equipment, intellectual property, food production, and healthcare.
Forging Closer Alignment
HARMONISED EXPORT CONTROLS REGIME
Since the agreement covers highly sensitive technologies and contains provisions pertaining to vital public services that may require export controls, the Member Sates agree to fully align their respective regimes. This necessaries a common information-sharing network between national security on trade bodies, with real-time flow of data and maximum transparency. Thus, no party shall grant and export permit to a legal entity for a product, asset - such as intellectual property - or service that have been explicitly denied a similar permit by another Member State, unless otherwise agreed by the parties concerned. All participating jurisdictions also oblige to notify all other Member Sates when issuing export permits, and suspending previously issued authorisations upon a request from another member country for further examination.
With a fully aligned exports regime, signature parties agree to suspend all limitations - unless otherwise agreed - for legal entities that may require a permit for a non third country, focusing on monitoring and sharing information about enemies, assets, products, and services concerned. Proper alignment also allows for for implied exchanges in human and intellectual capital, as well as accumulated expertise in the private sector across the Member Sate companies.
Notably, the export control alignment also applies to the movement of talent across Member States, committing national governments to maintaining a shared regime on both screening of potential human assets, as well as placing restrictions on the movement of potential persons or groups of interest.
This clause largely aims to alleging Member Countries with the United States' ban on American citizens working for Chinese semiconductor enterprises, while also helping member states to identify potential persons of interest in third countries.
PROCUREMENT COOPERATION
Despite committing to non-discrimination of foreign companies when it comes to public procurement, both Canada, the United Sates, and the United Kingdom have actively shilled their defence procurement and other sectors deemed important for national security.
However, as all Member States more closely align their export control regimes, the agreement also aims to level the playing filed, which would mainly intel accessing defence contracts and military procurement. Firstly, brings the principle of certification equivalence into play: a company that has obtained security clearance to participate in a defence or critical procurement project in one Member State can use that certificate for bids in all other countries, thus avoiding unnecessary duplication. Other member states however retain the right to request additional clearance or for the company to re-apply under their restive national procedure if the nature of the project involves is more sensitive, focuses on the field the company has not had clearance for, or if there's a reason to believe that company may pose higher security risk in different member state.
The parties also commit to prioritise applications and bids from
Small & Medium Sized companies, and jointly support a diverse set of military contractors in every country through joint programmes and cross-border financing. The agreement also obliges defence procurement agencies to expelling security clearance and give the first priority to SMEs, defined as companies with less than 500 employees. National procurement agencies also commit to facilitating innovation delusion across the Member States, including through explicit authorisation for information and technology, as well as human capital sharing, among bidders for contracts.
All Member Sates also commit to facilitate scale-up funding and intellectual property acquisition when it comes to business assistance. Thus, national investment authorities, such as the British Business Bank, US Small Business Administration, Canada Growth Fund, and other business assistance bodies shall treat public investment projects into other Member States on par with their domestic markets, including equal access for companies operating in signature jurisdictions. The agreement also specifically outlines cooperation between the Advanced Research & Innovation Canada, the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency in the United States, and Advanced Research and Invention Agency in the UK through permitting liberalised flow of human capital, intellectual property, and financial recourses, while committing those agencies to treating projects across member nations equally to their own domestic market.
The agreement also commits Member States at spend at least 5 per cent of their GDP on innovation policy, through public and defence procurement, business assistance, and tex credits.
R&D FRIEND-SHORING & SHARING
The proposal includes much closer cooperation between the parties when it comes to friend-shoring R&D, and reducing the block's dependence on both foreign expertise and technology. This would see Member Sates granting automatic domestic student status to anyone who is pursuing postgraduate eduction in one or more countries of the block, including the right to work in their field upon graduation in any member country, on the reciprocal basis. The Member Countries take it upon themselves to provide reciprocal access to postgraduate eduction and employment that is equivalent to that of their domestic students to anyone who has received their undergraduate eduction another member state, unless precluded by security concerns.
Additionally, each Member State shall mandate a certain percentage of their post-secondary support to be allocated for a new type of
Partnership Scholarships & Grants. PSGs allow to for preferential treatment of research projects that are being conducted by individuals from several Member States jointly, including guaranteed full reimbursement of the research-affiliated costs and support for the cost of living. The programme also provides for funding whenever a postgraduate student decides to complete their eduction or research in more than one Member State. Notably, the programme also provides funding for research internships for current students and graduates, so long the internship takes place either with a company that operates outside of a Member State but remains incorporated within the alliance, or requires travelling to a different Member Sate, with respective costs covered by PSGs. Reattach institutions and private employers are free to apply for funding that shall cover up to 100 per cent of the cost of those kinds of internship, so long they hire a postgraduate student graduating from a Member Country, with the pay grade above the national poverty line. Employment authorisation requirements shall also be waived.
All signatories also guarantee an "
immigration backstop" procedure, allowing those who participated in PSGs to obtain the right to remain in at least one the countries of the member states permanently.
PSGs also provide for the "domestic treatment" of research projects across Member Sates, allowing both individuals and research institutions seek funding through the Partnership Scholarships and Grants as well as other public funding channels. The agreement however, explicitly guarantees both researchers and institutions the right to be treated as domestic entries when submitting their applications regardless of which Member Sate they primary reside in.
SHARED INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES
The deal provides for a joint
Technology Intelligence & Assessment Centre to be launched by Member States as own standalone institution dedicated to monitoring critical technology development in third countries. TIAC also focuses on developing new intelligence capabilities when it comes to assessing third countries' innovation capabilities, including their capacity for monopolising critical technology fields, as well as the potential for engaging into technological espionage. The Centre is tasked with not only developing offensive capabilities, but also boosting the Member States' ability to detect and remove potential vulnerabilities in critical supply chains and R&D.
The proposal also allows for a more structured approach to communication with the public, through Member Sates agencies directly learning from each other's engagement startles and communicating with both the private sector and individuals on the importance of critical technologies and assets. While also promoting open-source intelligence sharing through joint analytical programmes and cross-departmental collaboration.
Impact on Domestic Politics
Canadian federal politics have been fairly polarised recently, especially following the Liberals' third in the row victory without winning majority in the popular vote. Initial in-action of there government has cause further sliding in Liberal approval ratings, as Canada aimed to secretly negative its entry in AUKUS.
However, the House has seen a rare moment of unity, as the Government present their agreement with Canberra, London, and Washington, following by the foreign influence registry, as well as new defence spending targets. Surprisingly, the latter item has seen the left-leaning NDP also supporting the motion, as Liberals has committed to massively increase spending on veterans and humanitarian assistance.
Public reaction for far has been fairly mixed, as Canadians remain fairly sceptical of an idea of more defence spending, yet much more amenable. Notably, the government had to explicitly rule out the idea of new nuclear capabilities to be located in Quebec, citing the province's long-standing opposition to foreign nuclear deterrence among French Canadians.
Acknowledgements
j'ai déjà essayer de split ca en 2 c la même chose (que du ems) et c'est plus cher, et en 3 fois j'augmente beaucoup plus le risque de me faire saisir logiquement
la pour 13kg d'habit j'en est pour 600 euros a peu pret avec ems frais de port compris c'est vraiment pas mal mais tlm sur ce forum dit que "EmS c dE lA mErDe" et répète en boucle les mêmes choses qu'ils ont entendu j'ai déjà fait 2 commandes auparavant avec EMS et elles sont passer jsp si j'ai eu de la chance mais bon jsp d'ou vien cette legende de ems
Donc j'ai 2 choix :
Utilliser EMS et la livraison me couteras bcp bcp moin cher (mais askip risque de saisie)
Faire un colis a 10 kilos DHL (très cher)
et un colis 3kg EUB
sachant qu'avec les garanties etc la livraison j'ai calculer me couteras presque 150 euros plus cher ce qui est fou
quelqu'un a une solution ?
I purchased a couple motion sensor LED lights, one will be mounted at the top front corner portion of my detached garage as you often see. When I purchased them I found it unnecessarily ambiguous what sort of connection/cabling was coming out of the thing so upon receiving them I realized they would need to be hard-wired via standard 2-conductor + ground setup. I don't have a junction box or anything setup ahead of time, of course. I have adequate power in the detached garage including a power conditioner that's mounted in a rack that currently houses some A/V equipment and whatnot.
I have substantial experience in low voltage and am a DIY kind of guy that works in the technology sector so I'm very familiar with soldering, splicing and all that. I'm certainly not an electrician though and anything concerning high voltage usually gives me pause. I've installed ceiling fans and that sort of thing that have the exact same kind of cabling/conductors as these lights do so I'm not entirely unfamiliar. I'm just not sure about lacking the existing wiring/junction box and all that.
I've seen some Edison plug cables with an un-terminated end that seems like it would work for this application? Would it not? Or should I be looking at some sort of converter power block that I terminate the cables into via phoenix blocks or the like? I imagine there are a few solutions but I'm just not sure what the move should be.
The lights are 20W LED, AC 100-277V, 150W equivalent. They're the Leonlite LHSCT-20WRSS-WHT for reference's sake. Thanks in advance.
¿Alguien que tenga TID que quiera tal vez hablar sobre ello sin restricciones?(de cualquier cosa sobre su problema, el cómo lidia con sus personalidades o cuantas son, etc.) es un tema de alta gama y siento que es muy poco el interés hacía este tipo de padecimiento.
Tengo transtorno alimenticio, no se como es la Bola. Mi psiquiatra me dijo que lo tengo desde hace años pero nunca me lo dijo ni yo me daba cuenta.
Cuando deje la medicación por 4 meses, después de la abstinencia, me pego duro la anorexia y baje de golpe 25 kilos en un mes.
peso 130kg ahora.
La cosa es que fuera de mi psiquiatra que me ve hace más de 10 años (tmb voy a terapia), no consigo nutricionista que tome enserió mi condición. Me tratan como un "sobre peso mas" aun yo diciéndoles que no voy a cocinar o si lo hago es probable que lo termine vomitando.
Y vivo en la Loma del orto así que opciones no me quedan.
Tratan de salir, pero con mi fobia a estar afuera y el Frio no salgo más que un par de cuadras al día. Aparte trabajo remoto.
Agua y líquidos tomo MUCHO. Y trato de no contar calorías y comer muchas verduras que me gusten y me queden en el estómago.
Consejos? Algun nutri piola online? Otras personas con esto que sepan de comidas que se queden?
Mi meta no es bajar de peso, sino estar sano. Y poder digerir por completo algo.
Les gars avec la nouvelle mise a jour sugargoo faut faire comment pour déclarer un colis ? Pour un colis de moins de 2 kilos avec une paire de shoes et une casquette ? avec EUB bien sur
Hace un par de meses viajé a Colombia y quedé enamorado del café colombiano, compré un par de bolsas para traer a México y me di cuenta de qué hay gente aquí en México que vende este café en 850+ pesos, lo vi también por Amazon y mercado libre en 1500+ la misma marca el mismo contenido (medio kg), a mi me costó 200 mxn y fue en un puesto donde seguramente me lo dieron más caro por ser extranjero. Viendo esto, estoy pensando en volver a ir a Colombia pero ahora como un viaje de negocios 😂 para traer ese cafecito de allá y venderlo acá en Mexico, el problema es que no sé cuánto café puedo traer de allá sin tener problemas con aduanas, ¿alguien sabe algo sobre eso? A partir de cuantos kilos tengo que documentar en aduana o que tendría que hacer? La vez que me traje fueron solo 3 bolsas, pero solo quiero saber si puedo traer lo suficiente para que sea rentable el viaje de importación.
Hace un par de meses viajé a Colombia y quedé enamorado del café colombiano, compré un par de bolsas para traer a México y me di cuenta de qué hay gente aquí en México que vende este café en 850+ pesos, lo vi también por Amazon y mercado libre en 1500+ la misma marca el mismo contenido (medio kg), a mi me costó 200 mxn y fue en un puesto donde seguramente me lo dieron más caro por ser extranjero. Viendo esto, estoy pensando en volver a ir a Colombia pero ahora como un viaje de negocios 😂 para traer ese cafecito de allá y venderlo acá en Mexico, el problema es que no sé cuánto café puedo traer de allá sin tener problemas con aduanas, ¿alguien sabe algo sobre eso? A partir de cuantos kilos tengo que documentar en aduana o que tendría que hacer? La vez que me traje fueron solo 3 bolsas, pero solo quiero saber si puedo traer lo suficiente para que sea rentable el viaje de importación.
quiero empezar desde lo poco que recuerdo de mi infancia, cuando yo tenia al rededor de seis años y mi hermano cinco mis padres se divorciaron, en el tiempo en el que se llevaban los asuntos con los abogados y la custodia (y esas cosas de las cuales no son necesarias hablar), pase todo ese tiempo en la casa de mis abuelos paternos junto con mi padre y mi hermano, agregando a mi tia y a mi primo que en ese momento ellos ya habían vivido mucho tiempo con mis abuelos . En todo ese tiempo mi padre me metía la idea de mi madre le había sido infiel con un vecino y que por eso el le pidió el divorcio y ese tipo de cosas aparte de unas cuantas amenazas y cosas que ella le hizo (eran mentiras que el dijo y mas tarde se descubrió que el le fue infiel a mi madre mientras que ella estaba embarazada de mi mas otros abusos que ella sufría por parte de el), en ese tiempo le creí, y me arrepiento por eso pero no es como si hubiera podido analizarlo todo con solo seis años (o eso creo yo), no solo inculpaba a mi madre y hablaba mal de ella, sino que también, nos golpeaba y nos gritaba por la mas mínima cosa por ejemplo: no servirle refresco, recogerle la tapa del control de la tele, o incluso por no tener puestos nuestro zapatos dentro de la casa. Por lo que constantemente terminaban en mi primo o mis abuelos defendiéndonos de que no nos pegara y no nos diera latigazos con el cinturón. Aparte de pelear para que no nos golpeara también pelaban por distintas razones, recuerdo veces en las que mis abuelos se peleaban con mi padre por solo traer 300 pesos a la casa porque se los gastaba siempre en el casino o con sus amigos
Después del proceso de la custodia se decidió que mi padre tendría la custodia cinco días y mi mamá solo dos días en lo que respectaba la semana, y así era mi semana, pasar de una casa a otra. En todo ese transcurso fui a 3 psicólogos diferentes los cuales si les soy sincera, no me ayudaron en nada.
En una ocasión a la edad de 7 años conseguí una gallina gracias a una feria que había en mi ciudad, amaba tanto a esa gallina que me daba tristeza comer pollo, en una de esas veces en las que solo estaba mi abuela, mi padre, mi hermano y yo en el comedor decidí decirles que me saltaría la comida ese día (era pollo) porque mi gallina me estaba viendo, entonces mi padre se levanto abruptamente y me correteo con su cinturón por todo el comedor gritando que me iba a matar si no me comía el pollo, hasta que mi abuela le dio un cuchillo y le dijo que si me quería matar que lo hiciera, mi padre soltó el cinturón y agarro el cuchillo gritándome que me mataría si no me comía el pollo y poniéndose en posición de lanzamiento, comí el pollo, y días después se llevaron a mi gallina. Desde ese día no eh vuelto a comer pollo hasta la actualidad.
Debido a lo que paso se lo Conte a mi mama y a su pareja de ese entonces junto con mis abuelos maternos, cuando llego el momento de que nos recogieran para ir a la casa de mis abuelos paternos, la pareja de mi mamá salió a confrontar a mi padre y terminaron en una pelea a golpes y tirando en el proceso a mi abuelo materno al suelo y llevándome a la fuerza con el.
No recuerdo nada mas de mi vida junto a mi familia paterna. A la edad de 9 años, no se de donde saque el coraje, pero lo enfrente, volvió con sus clásicos insultos de golpearme si no me callaba y dejaba de hacer un escandalo y que mi único deber era obedecer a todo lo que el decía sin reprochar (se enojo conmigo por no tenerle listo su vaso de refresco cunado el llego), le dije que lo hiciera, que me golpeara y que era peor ser golpeada sin siquiera poder hablar o hacer algo, que ser golpeada y al menos haber echo algo al respecto antes de que me agrediera físicamente por una tontería . Ese miso día me fui y me quede permanentemente con mi madre, fui a un psicólogo mas la cual ni siquiera me prestaba atención y se la pasaba en el celular, cabe recalcar que cuando llegue a casa de mi madre no me gustaban los besos y mucho menos los abrazos y cada que levantaban la voz me ponía en defensiva. (parte 2)
Hola, la verdad soy alguien que desperdicia la vida algo que muchos desean tanto yo lo detesto y me siento tan asquerosa por ello. Llevo más de cinco años siendo un ser inerte, un ser que dependiendo de la situación actúa de tal manera pero en realidad no siento. Las únicas cosas que siento son enojo, tristeza y frustración, no puedo ver la vida de una manera bonita, las pocas veces que salgo con familia ando pensando, que me veo gorda, que si como eso engordaré, si veo un animalito, pobre animal quizá nunca ha tenido alguien que le de amor incondicional, ha de sufrir lluvias y fríos, o cuando hago algún trabajo, algún dibujo, siempre hay mejores, la verdad a mi me da igual vivir, solo espero y pido antes de dormir, morir, porque soy una imbécil cobarde que no se puede matar porque piensa en el daño que le haré a los demás y a mis perros mas que todo. No saben las ganas que tengo de morirme porque mis días se resumen a aguantarme las ganas de llorar hasta cuando mis papas se van a dormir y solo sacar unas cuantas lagrimas para que al día siguiente no amanezca hinchada y no sospechen. La vida, no puedo verle nada positivo, todo me causa dolor, tristeza y frustración y si es así, para que vivir. Siento que el problema es que soy débil, frágil, imbécil y pienso demasiado y las cosas por muy pequeñas que sean me afectan demasiado
LLevo desde que, mis 14 años, así y obviamente el paso de los años (actualmente tengo 20) me pesa más todo eso, no puedo salir de mi casa, porque siempre regreso con un nudo en la garganta, amo los animales pero no me gusta interactuar mucho más con callejeros, porque me siento aun más triste y frustrada. Ya no sé que hacer solo quiero por una vez en mi vida, sentirme tranquila, poder disfrutar una salida, pero siento imposible eso, detesto lo que soy. Estoy cansada y ya no quiero, siempre que duermo espero no despertar, lastimosamente no ha pasado, y como mencione antes soy muy cobarde para matarme
Buenas amigos, es mi primer post aqui, mi duda es la siguiente, como hacer un buen volumen si solo puedo entrenar 3 veces a la semana (mejor si no es full body). Trabajo de 9-5 en una financiera y levanto pesas hace ya 1 año y más, pero solo lo use como complemento ya que entreno JiuJitsu (los otros 3 dias de mi semana) y estaba perdiendo grasa. Tengo 27, peso 58 kilos y mido 166cm, tengo algo de musculo y abdominales visibles, mi rutina actual es PPL, es decir martes espalda/bicep, miercoles pecho/hombro/tricep y sabado piernas, los otros dias entreno JJ y el domingo corro. La nutrición no es un problema ya que tengo conocimiento en macros y calorias, tendria que subirlos.
Perdón por el post tan largo, en resumen estoy buscando una rutina de 3 días que me ayude a desarrollar musculo en un volumen largo de al menos 6-8 meses.