We took our son to his primary on day two of the fever and were told "it's probably just food poisoning". Basically told us to let him poop it out. He had diarrhea on and off starting on day 2, which was the only other symptom presented along with his fever. He vomited once, which was on day three when his fever spiked. We have been getting more and more nervous because of how persistent the fever is. We can bring it down with Tylenol or Ibuprofen and general care, fluids, rag etc but it just keeps coming back every 2-3 hours and hits 103-104 every time.
Took him to ER yesterday, which was day four. They didn't test him for anything besides COVID, which he was negative for. This time we got Amoxicillin after bugging them about it. All the times he's been sick, whether stomach bug or flu virus, he's never had this persistent of a fever which makes me feel like there's something going on other than just a general virus. I know that I've personally never had a fever more than 2-3 days max. Not sure if I'm just a parent that is overreacting, or if I should be raising hell and getting a third opinion. He doesn't have any other symptoms besides this damn fever and occasional diarrhea. No stomach pain or tenderness, no cold like symptoms. Started coughing a little bit around the time he vomited. He's not extremely lethargic, in fact, once he breaks the fever he has a bit of energy and wants to hang out and play video games like the fever never happened, it's strange. Is it normal for a fever to last this long? Doctors didn't really say much other than what we already know to do. Wish they would have at leasted checked for potential bacterial infections in case he ate something bad.

I 16 female went to a school for 10 years and it ended up ruining my future The school is lucky I’m not gonna reveal their name. I joined the school in grade 1 I didn’t go to kindergarten because my English wasent good and I’m sorry if I made any mistakes while writing this paragraph English is my 3rd language.anyways and because of my weak English I couldn’t go any other schools as well so this was the only school that accepted me Overtime my English got better and I was one of the best students is the school this continued till grade 7 I knew every teacher and every teacher liked me because I had good grades and respected everyone after grade7 Covid hit and we went online but these 7 years were hell for me The teacher’s teaching was good but not the best the big issue was their actions they would hit student so hard and cruelly I would feel bad they would break everyone in front the whole class they would call us all sort of names that is really cruel for kids such as Ur a foolish kid,how can u be so dumb,how did you reach this grade you might think it’s not so bad but for a kid it is and the beating was worse i remember one time in 4th grade one kid didn’t learn her test she was a very brilliant student and good in studies but the teacher didn’t care she gave her a big slap it literally echoed In the class and the teacher was very fat so it hurt a lot the poor girl started crying another time in grade4 a boy who always made problems in the class and was basically the class clown didn’t do his homework the English teacher lost it she called the boy to the front of class and literally pinned the boy to the board and started chocking him with one hand and pointing her fingers towards him with the other hand the boy started crying so did I My mom knew how bad the school was because I complained to her all the time and she went and complained to the principle more then 20 times I swear and they never did anything there are more details but I’m not going to mention them Fast forward I’m in grade9 and in my first year of igcse so it’s really important to get good grades well I went from being an straight A student to failing every subject I wouldn’t blame it on the teachers because igcse is very hard Fast forward grade10 which I’ll be giving my first IGCSE board exams in total I study 6 subjects English maths ict physics biology and chemistry The maths and chemistry teacher are the best teacher to ever exist the chemistry teacher has been teaching me since grade 3 and the maths teacher is new to me but really cares about the students Anyways I decided to give 4 subjects for my board exams physics biology English and ict In English I was very good because if the practices my mom made me do and I was good in other subjects as well And I was the top of my class when it came to ict or I thought so Our ict teacher is very careless out of the 20 chapters of the syllabus she teaches like 8 maximum.most of the time the class was talking and playing because she never taught anything I don’t have a problem with this and never snitched about it because I liked having free classes but this continued for to long and I still didn’t say anything A couple of months later when everyone decided what subjects they chose for there exams for ict only 3 were there me another girl and boy so we were only 3 student for ict For our exams we had ict practical and was very difficult so she would take the class to the computer lab and sit there do nothing maybe only 2 times she explained us the rest of the times she would make the grade 11 student who already finished the ict exam come and teach us I even asked her to teach me the practical if she got free time I would’ve skipped any class so she would teach me,you know what she said I’ll send you the link watch it and learn I was going to cry I don’t know anything in practical and she just said that to me I watched the the links she sent and watched them I did understand but it wasent enough fast forward it came the day of my ict practical keep in mind the practical counts 70 percent of your ict grade I went gave the exam and came back my dad took me to give the exam And he asked me how was your exam thats when I broke down crying I told him everything about the school I cried to the point I couldn’t breath anymore I’ve never said anything to my father like this before mostly my mom I did tell him to change my school but he thought I was joking but that day he understood I was serious so i knew I was going to fail my computer and it was all my teacher fault But the story dosent end here idk if I should continue about how I’m also scared to fail my other subjects should I make a part 2 about my biology teacher

So I had an outbreak on my mouth 4 weeks ago while on holiday, the first time to the best of my knowledge, but I do remember testing positive for Hsv1 years back. Initially I had symptoms like chills and sore throat that subsided ina couple of days. Now 4 weeks later I got flu like symptoms (possibly covid, rapid test was not too clear) and mainly what is concerning me is swollen lymph nodes Uber right armpit and behind both ears.
My question is, would it be possible that these lymph nodes and body aches are related to hat outbreak 4 weeks ago?
Thanks peps

I am a middle aged female, fully vaccinated, including two boosters.
For the main part of the pandemic I socially distanced and used my mask. Kept my bubble extremely small and even got groceries via curbside pickup. Never even caught so much as a cold for 3 years.
In January 2023 I got covid for the first time and it was like a very bad flu. Was sick for 3 weeks. It was rough. Took Paxlovid during this bout; it was horrible but I took it anyway.
In May I got covid a second time, this time I was not nearly as sick; felt like a bad cold. Was sick for 6 days.
Since testing negative and going back to work, I have been coughing a lot; all the time. Additionally, I am tired all the time but have trouble falling asleep. My throat feels like it’s closing up and I get scared I will stop breathing, this makes sleep quality very low. I am totally exhausted.
Have had some brain fog since the first bout in January. I can’t remember when things happened in the recent past and need to write everything down to remember things like instructions and the times/places of appointments. I also forget basic words for things occasionally. I have a very strong vocabulary usually, but I keep forgetting words. Sometimes I worry if I’m getting dementia or something.
I am also itching a lot. Mostly under my right arm but also my calfs and feet.
Finally, I have had IBS for years, but now it’s much worse. I can’t remember the last time I had a normal bowel movement. And I have frequent gas - both farting and even some burping.
I’m worried that I’m sick. Maybe all or partly with long covid, maybe partly with something else.
Anyone know which, if any of these symptoms are long covid?
Thanks for any assistance.

Let me give you some more context
I’ve been with this employer for only two months.
Three weeks in I got Covid and was required to not return to work for 5 days. My supervisor told me “only bitches take time off for Covid, if you use the Covid pay the company provides you’re a bitch.” This was our first altercation.
Fast forward a few weeks, he notices I have a week off. He scolds me about taking time off being so new, I explained that this was a vacation I had planned and paid for prior to working here and it was already approved by my manager and upper management. Strike two.
Fast forward to today, my first day back from vacation. He aggressively takes me to the back room, scolds me about how it “hurts the business” by missing so many days, that I am lucky I’m still employed because they “accommodate my schedule” because 2 out of the 4 days I work a week I have to leave at 5:30AM instead of 6AM because that’s when my wife leaves for work and I have to be home to watch my two children, this was my availability when I was hired and I was hired with that availability.
He was screaming at me like a child. I was in the middle of speaking and he literally yells at me and says “IM FUCKING SPEAKING TO YOU SHUT UP.” After I explained that he has no right to hold any of this against me he told me I need to find a new position or get another job and that I need to go home.
I told him that’s alright, I’m not working for you any way. I’m not going to be bullied for 1. Getting Covid (went to the doctor to get tested since my at home test was not “valid”) 2. My availability which was accepted upon being hired. 3. Taking an approved vacation that I was not paid for.
This guy constantly bragged to me about how he’s “fired” so many people & to me it seems like he’s the one hurting the team more than anyone. I understand the frustration about me getting Covid but, it’s not like I meant to & it was proven by a doctor that in fact, I had Covid.
Am I in the wrong here? Or is the giga chad want to be drill sergeant of stocking groceries in the right?
I am going to be open minded to all comments, I need some advice.

1. It reduces the chances of you being reinfected with covid. It is reasonable to assume therefore that it may also help with covid viral persistence (if that is a thing). It has a broad spectrum antiviral so may also reduce likelyhood of crashes from catching other seasonal viruses.

https://www.aidsmap.com/news/oct-2022/old-style-tenofovir-really-may-protect-against-covid-large-us-study-finds

1. It effectively inhibits replication of reactivated EBV virus which many researchers believe plays a role in some cases of long covid and CFS.

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2002392117

1. It is immunomodulatory

https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/120817/1/Tenofovir_disoproxil_fumarate_emtricitabine_and.11.pdf

1. Some people on phoenix rising forums believed it improved their symptoms. Healthy scepticism as always it may have been just coincidence.

https://forums.phoenixrising.me/threads/list-of-me-cfs-recovery-and-improvement-stories.80502/

1. It is readily prescribed (long term) to anyone who claims they are at risk of catching HIV and in many countries it is free.

At first try saying you are uncomfortable talking about your sex life. If pushed they will prescribe if you you say you have unprotected sex with multiple men. You will need to take kidney function tests every six months.

Watch out and take care! Hope everyone is going to be fine!

Hey all, I have worked very hard to get my euploid embryos - and it’s been quite a journey to this point. I am due to start an FET cycle in a few weeks but I have just tested positive for covid. It’s relatively mild, not really impacting me other than a sore throat and a little bunged up. I did yoga this morning not even realising it was Covid! I definitely don’t want to delay my cycle. Do you think it will be ok? Any positive stories?

I was an innocent kid for most of my life. I had horrible untreated anxiety that I didn’t understand and it got the best of me when I turned 21. I had never really drank or done anything of the sorts until about 19-20 and then the day I turned 21 I was finally able to purchase liquor myself… and it got out of control.
I am 27 years old and was diagnosed last spring at 26 with Liver failure, alcoholic hepatitis and Cirrhosis of the liver with advanced scarring. I was rushed to the emergency trauma center near me in Minneapolis Minnesota after my now fiancée returned home from a work conference out of state and found me in our bedroom completely yellow, tremulous and swollen legs and fluid build up in my stomach. When she left the week before I went on what would be my last drinking bender.
For the past 6 years I was consuming at minimum a liter of 80 proof vodka all the way up to a 1.75 liter handle per day. I stopped once for 2 weeks in 2020 after a small medical scare and also became sick with covid. That’s the longest break I had for those 6 years up until my hospitalization.
I spent a week in the hospital as the doctors tried to do anything they could do to get my increasing liver enzymes and bilirubin down. I was yellow and in a lot of pain. I was immediately placed into CIWA withdrawal protocol and was monitored for worsening mental status and seizures.
I had an MRI done, 2 ultra sounds and countless testing on my first night. I was informed I would need to undergo a transplant in the future as long as they could combat my symptoms. After 3 days the doctors started losing hope of getting it to come down with proven methods. They were left with no choice but to discharge me after a few more days with experimental steroids.
I returned home and was bed ridden while my fiancé spoon fed these steroids once daily and we hoped for a positive outcome. A week later I had blood work done and my bilirubin was decreasing by the day. I was so relieved.
My family is filled with alcoholics and I feel like I was foolish to think it wouldn’t come for me too.
I have since had countless imaging and ultra sounds done that show permanent damage and cirrhotic liver with abnormally enlarged spleen that hurts like a MF. I am now almost 400 days sober and have lost a ton of weight. I finished up my outpatient treatment at the original hospital and gastro clinic here in Minneapolis. I am now getting set up with a liver specialist at the Mayo Clinic here. I will be there getting 2nd opinion tests and imaging done to determine my future. I will most likely need a transplant down the road.
I’m not here to lecture but I wanted to share my story in hopes it helps someone else out. Sober life was hard as hell at first but has gotten so much easier. I am proud of where I’m at but have a long way to go.
On the 3rd morning of my stay I was pretty certain I wasn’t going to make it out. I was able to keep my drinking a secret for 6 years and no one knew about my problem or never questioned me. I didn’t want to get caught and face the embarrassment to my family. I awoke that day and thought about how I was going to have to call up my family members, brother and sister and tell them I wouldn’t be around much longer. I couldn’t stop thinking about how I would never get to see my newly born niece grow up and how selfish my actions were. They would have been so taken off guard and would have to watch me go a slow death. My over was already shutting down and the only thing left was my kidneys next. After those shut down it’s game over.
The last 6 years of my life are a blur. I now run a small business from home while I build my life back up.
Anyways, sorry for the long winded story.
TL; DR
I went to the hospital last year spring 2022 and was diagnosed with advanced liver disease. Addiction can fuck off and so can alcohol.
I drank a liter of vodka a day for 6 years. Don’t be dumb like me and ignore the signs of illness after your body can’t take it anymore.
Here’s a few links with some of my medical experience from that incident. With 400 days under my belt I feel as though I can help someone and prevent making the same mistakes I did.
https://imgur.com/gallery/IrwXhha
https://imgur.com/gallery/7gpxNsy
This is a first for me and I’m only sharing this picture of me when I checked into the emergency room. I just want people to see what can happen in a short amount of heavy drinking time and what might await some alcoholics in their older years.
https://imgur.com/gallery/lf5xKdl
Peace & love
-Michael

Global Info Research announces the release of the report “Global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer Market 2023 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2029” . The report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis presented by region and country, type and application. As the market is constantly changing, the report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided. In addition, the report provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market size was valued at USD million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2029 with a CAGR of % during review period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Key Features:
Global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market size and forecasts, in consumption value), sales quantity, and average selling prices, 2018-2029
Global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value, sales quantity, and average selling prices, 2018-2029
Global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value, sales quantity, and average selling prices, 2018-2029
Global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market shares of main players, shipments in revenue, sales quantity, and ASP, 2018-2023
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Ground Feature Spectroradiometer
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments.
Request Free Sample Copy Or buy this report at:
https://www.globalinforesearch.com/reports/1535214/ground-feature-spectroradiometer
The Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market is segmented as below:
Market segment by Type
Handheld Portable
Market segment by Application
LED Test Night Vision Imaging System Test Emissivity Measurement Display Measurement Others
Major players covered
Konica Minolta Jadak Technologies Topcon Technohouse Spectral Evolution Gamma Scientific Malvern Panalytical StellarNet Apogee Instruments Pro-Lite Gigahertz Optik GmbH ASD Avantes OPTOSKY(XIAMEN)PHOTONICS INC Golden Way Scientific
The Main Contents of the Report, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Ground Feature Spectroradiometer product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year. Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Ground Feature Spectroradiometer, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Ground Feature Spectroradiometer from 2018 to 2023. Chapter 3, the Ground Feature Spectroradiometer competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast. Chapter 4, the Ground Feature Spectroradiometer breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029. Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029. Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029. Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War. Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Ground Feature Spectroradiometer. Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Ground Feature Spectroradiometer sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
The analyst presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters. Our report on the Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market covers the following areas:
Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market sizing
Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market forecast
Ground Feature Spectroradiometer market industry analysis
Analyze the needs of the global Ground Feature Spectroradiometerbusiness market
Answer the market level of global Ground Feature Spectroradiometer
Statistics the annual growth of the global Ground Feature Spectroradiometerproduction market
The main producers of the global Ground Feature Spectroradiometerproduction market
Describe the growth factor that promotes market demand
Global Info Research is a company that digs deep into global industry information to support enterprises with market strategies and in-depth market development analysis reports. We provides market information consulting services in the global region to support enterprise strategic planning and official information reporting, and focuses on customized research, management consulting, IPO consulting, industry chain research, database and top industry services. At the same time, Global Info Research is also a report publisher, a customer and an interest-based suppliers, and is trusted by more than 30,000 companies around the world. We will always carry out all aspects of our business with excellent expertise and experience.
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I've used a fair amount of psychedelics in my life (side note: LSD world peace). I am very familiar with how they make me feel.
My first COVID infection, at least for part of it, it felt very much like a mild trip.
Later, when my wife contracted COVID, and I was around her the entire time she was quarantining, I had what might be described as LSD flashbacks. I've never had LSD flashbacks before, and considered them to be mostly a drug-war-scare-tactic myth. But there were a few episodes where I was looking at the leaves on the trees and they were shimmering and I was amazed, and I realized I was having an LSD flashback. I never tested positive that time, but since she was sick and we were together in a small house, I assume the virus was in my body, even if it wasn't enough to make me sick.
My second and third infection, I don't remember that as much. They were short infections, as I took Paxlovid.
I wonder if maybe what felt like a trip, was CNS damage. I heard a podcast with the comedian Duncan Trussell who described something similar, and he also has long COVID (smell/taste loss).

He is sick at least once every 3 months and it's always the end of the world for him. Soup in bed, can't go to work, the world is ending.
I have an autoimmune disease and every time I get sick it is genuinely debilitating. Even if it is just a cold. But even so, I still care for myself because asking him is often met with "Okay give me a bit" or he says that he forgot and sometimes he just straight up ignores me.
It NEVER FAILS, every time he gets sick, he tries to kiss me and is upset when I refuse. Sometimes I will get a couple of days of him asking over and over again and he will pout and say things like "you hate me" and" I guess I'm just gross"
I mostly ignore him now, I used to reassure him that he wasn't gross and that of course I loved him etc but after 7 years, it has gotten old. But after a few days of this, he will either grab me and kiss me against my will or he will wait for me to fall asleep and I will wake up with his tongue in my mouth.
And I get sick every time. I've told him no and that I CANNOT get sick and he just laughs it off or quickly apologizes and drops the conversation. And yes, he did this with covid too.
He has been sick for over a week. I've kept myself distant from him because I just started a new semester of school in a highly competitive program that I cannot miss days from AND just changed medicines (the Dr. told me to be cautious because I'm immunosuppressed atm) I was stressed and crying. He pinned me down on the bed and kissed me to "distract me"
I woke up very sick the next day and missed a test at school. I was so weak I literally could not open a bottle of water. I went to the doctor today, and I found out He gave me strep throat.
I am so tired and sick and angry. But thanks for reaching the end of my rant. Godspeed guys.

Hey guys! Let me introduce myself first, my name is Bas, I’m from The Netherlands and I’m 22 years old.
My medical English isn’t that good so sorry in advance.
About 2 months ago I got a diagnosed with peri/myo after a mild covid infection . I had a fever of 41 degrees C and severe chest pain. In the hospital they asked me if I wanted to be resuscitated which kinda scared me. My troponine was 865 and CRP was 306.
After 4 days on cardiac monitoring and 3 days on the “normal” department they send me home, crp was 3 and troponine was 36. No sign of fluid around my heart and normal HR.
Doctors advise: colchicine and ibuprofen for 3 months, no sports, no alcohol and quit smoking.
I’ve been to the doctor to help me quit smoking and next week I should be smoke free after 10 years.
Now my problem:
I’ve been having issues with panic attacks because I lost trust in my own body, I’m afraid to drive a car for longer then 20 minutes (and I have a company in engine tuning so this has never been a problem begore) one time it got so bad that I thought I was having a heart attack and I called an ambulance.
I’ve been really stuffed lately like I’m not getting enough oxygen. So I went to the hospital again and they did an echo and blood lab. They said I was healing fine, troponine was 3 and crp was 0.8
Now since yesterday I got a fever of 38,6 and coughing, did a covid test it was negative but I’m already worried that I’m gonna be really sick again.
Please tell me I’m not the only one struggling with this and what helped for you guys to get over this?

Hello everyone. I'll start by saying that this is a very long post and I am new to the thread.
I just feel the need to vent/rant and let all this anger and frustration out onto the thread just in case anyone is going through the same ordeal as me; you are not alone.
This all started back in July of 2022 a week before my bday. I got infected with covid and had some of the worst congestion, brain fog, migraines and body pains of my life. I felt so drained and could hardly move without feeling exhausted. I did not have nor do I still have any of my vaccines or boosters. I was physically sick for 16 days but I had lingering brain fog and random aches and pains for 29 days after initially getting sick. Well, I started feeling better and started to resume life as normal but never felt 100%
I continued as nothing ever happened until 3 weeks later, I started getting the random aches and pains with small bouts of brain fog but nothing like the initial sickness and thought I had covid again. I did a test and it came back negative. Then after a week I started getting some extreme stabbing chest pains, chest discomfort, heavy brain fog, mild confusion and fasciculations. Went to the ER multiple times and had a work up and bloods done by my family doctor and everything came back normal. No heart issues, no diseases or anything. Told me I had anxiety (never had anxiety in my life) so I was unsure what to believe. This continued for a few months and it really started to affect my mental state as I was unsure what I was experiencing or dealing with. I started to develop health anxiety and experience high levels of stress and panic because of this. Had panic attacks on multiple occasions as I would feel some of these aches and pains and they would get so bad at times.
I then had a brief episode of the symptoms just coming to a stop, I woke up one morning and felt normal again. I was in shock and awe and felt like I could finally get back to normal life. Well, that only lasted a bloody month and I went right back into it again. Woke up one morning and boom, it was back, all my symptoms. FULL. FORCE.
Fast forward to today, it's been 2 months since I last felt normal and while some days are worse than others, I can only hope we all find some relief some time soon. I just have never felt the same since I've had Covid and it sucks. Cheers to you all.
My symptoms are listed below and some are caused by the anxiety flaring up.
-chest pains & pressure -globus sensation -ear fullness/pressure -tinnitus -migraines -headaches -jaw aches -fasciculations -blurry vision -nose pressure/sinus pressure -butterflies in stomach -tingling & burning in extremities -heartburn -body aches and pains -muscle tension ALL THE TIME -POTS -post nasal drip like crazy -fatigue -occasional muscle weakness

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Due to the sheer volume of covid-19 and covid-19 vaccine related questions posted on the sub, we are asking that you all post them here instead. Please make an effort to do your own research on reputable websites (not facebook or other social media) before asking here and as with everything you post to this daily thread, make a plan to ask your healthcare provider. We understand the anxiety pregnancy can cause but the internet is full of misinformation and we want you to make the most responsible decisions for yourself and your situation.
The content herein is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

• Vaccine decision-making guide for pregnant people
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The journalists at ProPublica need your help! After receiving a tip, ProPublica started investigating prenatal genetic testing. They're collecting stories from people who've had NIPT screenings, and/or work in maternal health. If this is you, please fill out their brief questionnaire! https://www.propublica.org/getinvolved/have-you-had-an-experience-with-prenatal-genetic-testing-wed-like-to-hear-about-it-and-see-the-bill. Questions? Email [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])

[M]/Doing retro coz reddit has apparently locked my account before 2024 expired, and I just realised this hasn't been published /[M]

Canadian Federal Elections 101

Canada has inherited its political system from the United Kingdom, sticking to Westminster parliamentary system ever since. This means, that unlike in the United States, the outcome of Canadian elections are won by whichever party manages to elect the greatest number on Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of Canada, allowing the leader of this party to assume the office of Prime Minister.

The Senate of Canada provides for a stark contrast, since despite being originally designed to ensure provincial representation, the upper house remains unelected and is largely subjected to the politics in the House of Commons.

When no party is able to secure more than 50 per cent of seats in the House, a leader of a political party that is able to command more than 50 per cent of MPs, for example through singing supply and confidence or coalition agreements with other parties, becomes Prime Minister instead. Historically, however, the largest party in the House of Commons tends to form a monitory government, when it commands a plurality of MPs, rather than an outright majority. This allows the largest party to remain in power, but it has to rely on MPs from other political factions to pass crucial pieces of legislation, especially when it comes to votes that indicate parliamentary confidence, such as federal budgets. Losing those votes, would effectively mean that the current government has to either be completely re-staffed with new Cabinet Ministers, or call a snap election.
However, minority governments remained fairly uncommon in Canada, since the current voting system, called First-Past-the-Post (FPTP), allows for individual MPs to win their respective ridings - also known as constituencies - to be elected into the House of Commons with a simple plurality of votes. Thus, a political party can win most seats in the House of Commons through strategically placing their bets on ridings with very tight margins, where just one extra vote may allow their nominee to win a permanently seat, effectively making all votes for the opposition candidate in that riding meaningless.

General Backgrounder

For example, the Liberal Party of Canada has won the last two federal elections with a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, despite coming only 2nd to the Conservative Party of Canada during popular vote. The Liberals, despite becoming the largest party in the House still fell short of winning the majority of seats, being forced to rely on the New Democratic Party, that represented are more progressive social democratic part of the electorate, for crucial votes. Later, the Government has called a snap election aiming to get their desired majority, but failed, and had to sign a formal Supply and Confidence Agreement with the NDP, that included a massive package of social programmes, such as the recently implemented national dental care and prescription drug insurance.
However, while enjoying a steady lead in polls vis-a-vis, the federal Conservatives during the pandemic, the Liberals had experienced persistent slump as post-pandemic recovered coupled with sticky inflation and rapidly deteriorating housing crisis. As the Federal Conservatives have moved to the right following the election of a new leader, they have utilised concurrent economic challenges and liberal economic policy, blaming the current government's pandemic related emergency spending coupled with expansion of social programs as the root cause for inflation into collapsing housing affordability.
As Canada had to respond to America's Inflation Reduction Act with a new public investment into green transition, conservative criticism of the Trudeau government has become ever more vocal, with fiscal deficits presumably exacerbating, concurrent inflationary pressures.
Liberal policies, especially introducing the federal backstop mechanism for carbon pricing, has also spurred, vicious opposition, among Conservatives, especially those living in the Western Canada, that culminated in the razor-thin re-election of the United Conservatives in the oil-producing province of Alberta. The federal response to the freedom, convoy protest, as well as the general push, forever wider collective community during the pandemic, has created some fertile soil for the opposition, Conservatives to capitalise on, especially as the more moderate leader of the party had been ousted shortly after the convoy protest.
After more than eight years in government, the liberal party has also been embroiled in several corruption and ethics candles, including the SNC-Lavallin affair, the pandemic-era ArriveCan App scandal, and, most recently, the accusations of Chinese electoral interference, and Chinese police stations operating in Canada.
In fact, the situation for the current government has become so dire. It's a point, but more than 80% of forecasters projected a Conservative minority government has the most probable outcome for the next election. According to some polls, the Liberals would be unable to form a government, even with the support of the New Democratic Party. The liberal convention in late spring 2023, didn't provide much of a relief either, how's the party continued to lack a comprehensive platform to combat the issue of housing and affordability - something that steadily climbed the rate of priorities for many Canadians, to become the most pressing issue, when deciding who to vote for. If anything, the Conservative party has become the most popular political force, among younger Canadians, with their laser, sharp focus on the issue of inflation and housing affordability.
The issue of housing affordability has become central to the Conservative Convention, where the Party has committed to "restoring" home ownership across the country, through planning laws deregulation and "removing resections on the supply of housing". This would see the federal government to tie federal spending on housing to municipalities shortening approval times, waive HST/GST for housing, as well as allow landlords to re-invest their profits into new housing tax-free. The Conservative convention also proposed federal infrastructure funding to be linked to higher-density housing construction.
What did, however, play in favour of the current government, what is the time. Within Canadian Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister can call an election effectively anytime, so long their term doesn't exceed the four year threshold, that was approaching at Fall 2025, supported by the Supply and Confidence Agreement with New Democrats.
As inflation in North America has started slowly subsiding toreturn to the 2% target in early fall 2024, Trudeau has managed to re-gain some the economic credibility his government has seemingly lost. The Liberals have also continued their tilt to make some inroads into the NDP camp, with the Federal Budget 2024 going heavily on Net Zero and Green Transition.
However, the Liberals also had to deal with a political deadline, whether to call and election before or after the Budget 2025 would've been published. The former might allow the LPC to avoid the criticism of "buying up votes" that the party received after calling the snap election shortly after introducing their Federal Budget in 2021. However, Trudeau also had a stake at deferring the election for long as possible, hoping that waiving inflationary pressure might open up more space for the Liberals to re-gain the economic ground over the Conservatives.

Federal Election 2025

After long deliberation, the federal Cabinet has opened to hold an election in late March 2025, right at the time when a government would have normally tabled their budget. The election that both the Liberals and the Conservatives have approached after almost a year or neck-and-neck perforce in the polls, with Trudeau having a minuscule advantage in personal ratings.
The economy, especially housing affordability, have become two main issues during this election, closely followed by healthcare - namely access to family physicians and waiting times for selected procedures - and the issue of inflation still lingering at the back of the public debate.
Trudeau himself because a matter for the debate, with the Liberals banking on his personal likability, while Federal Conservatives continuously pressed with corruption and ethical scandals and corruption allegations, combined with the Liberal campaign continuously bringing up the "electability issue" of their opponents.

Housing

With the Tories enjoying slight lead on the matter of economic competence, the Liberals opted to treat the housing crisis as a matter of social policy, while banking heavily on personal popularity of Trudeau himself. From the policy-standpoint, LPC Election Platform has effectively copied the proposal originally voiced during the Conservative Convention. Namely, waiving GST/HST for housing construction, allowing landlords to re-invest their profits into constructing more units tax-free, as well as linking federal spending to new housing development and liberalising permitting process. The difference with the Conservatives was the focusing on new federal spending to combat housing affordability.
Liberal election promises involved the commitment for new federal housing construction to exceed population growth by the end of the first term, through the government directly contracting private developers to build more affordable housing, and task the Canada Infrastructure Development Corporation to provide funding to non-market housing in numbers meeting or exceeding population growth in larger metropolitan areas on Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary, Montreal, and across Atlantic Canada.
Unlike the Tories, Trudeau also went further, promising the government would cover development charges for projects that included affordable housing. The Liberals have also committed to conducting of affordable rental housing, aimed at younger Canadians and those who are yet to start cloning the property ladder. Conservatives on the other hand emphasised Trudeau's poor track on housing affordability, combined focusing on making home ownership more affable through market-driven construction of new units for sale.
Both Team Blue and Team Red have committed to expediting the arrival of new skilled trades professionals, especially those working in the housing sector, including interest-free loans to have their qualifications recognised or to up-skill their existing credentials. Liberals however, took a step further, promising automatic Permanent Residency who has worked in residential construction after 1 year, as well issuing Open Work Permits - exempt from the Labour Market Impact Assessment - to anyone with construction work experience willing to come to Canada, so long they continue working in the construction sector for the majority of their time before obtaining permanent residency. The Tories on their part suggested granting PR automatically after they've worked in construction for at least 5 years.
On the matter of banning foreign buyers, both parties have committed to banning home purchases in Canada for those who do not hold Canadian citizenship or are not Permanent Residents of Canada, with Liberals maintaining existing exemptions, so long the person buying has invested an equivalent amount in affordable housing construction.
Rhetorically, the Liberals have echoed the National Housing Act 1938, suggesting their government would run fiscal deficits to finance nation-wide home construction, especially affordable rental units. CPC has openly accused Trudeau of "policy stealing" choosing to emphasis permitting deregulation, subsidies for new units, and investing more construction professionals.

Healthcare & Social Care

Federal Conservatives have focused their attack in increasing waiting times, as well as increasing shortage of medical professionals across the country. Liberals, however, aimed to conservative proposals to introduce more private providers into the system, while emphasising their expansion of public health insurance that now covers both dental care and prescription drugs. Both parties suggested increasing the immigration intake for doctors, nurses, medical researches, providing financial support to have their credentials recognised in Canada as well as to update their skills.
The Liberals have however suggested lowering tuition rates international students who come to study health, social care, and eduction, granted them access to domestic rates of tuition, as well as a designated pathway to Permanent Residency for health, eduction, and social care who have obtained at least 1560 hours of Canadian work experience, and received at least part of their eduction in Canada. This would come as a supplementary measure, with domestic students becoming eligible for federal student loan write off if they have accumulated at least 1 year of post-graduation work experience in health, social care, or education - so long their degree is in the same field.
The Liberals have also committed to covering a Royal Commission to introduce a national social care insurance programme for seniors and people with disabilities.

The Economy

The Conservatives suggest introducing "full expensing" allowing companies to deduct up 120 per cent of their expenses on machinery, equipment, and non-residential property, akin to UK's Super Deduction, to combat Canada's low investment levels. They also propose to introduce tax credits for Canadian companies to up-skill their workers, as well as increased federal funding to provinces to support job training and second career programmes and labour market integration.
The Liberals suggest increasing the minimum wage in federally-regulated institutions, linking as a proportion of executive pay. LPC also pledged to introduce at least 4 weeks of paid vacation after 1 year on employment, with additional increases in line with employee tenure, as outlined in their Convention 2023, while brining paid leave of up to 6 weeks a year, allowing recipients to tradition onto disability payments after that.
Both parties have committed to supporting Employee Ownership Trusts, as well as introduction of worker representation on corporate boards in federally-regulated industries. Team Red however to it a step further, suggesting they will employee ownership mandatory for large corporations , with the only exemption provided for profit-sharing schemes.
Both parties have also supported reforming Canada's Employment Insurance Program:
The Conservatives suggest introducing Individual EI Savings Accounts that any Canadian can access whenever they are let go of their job or decide to quit. The proposed accounts would be funded through mandatory employer and employee contributions and could also be used to pay for labour training and re-skilling, with means-tested federal assistance available for those who's exhausted their accounts. Tories also suggest expanding current marginal earnings projection to apply to both individual and household income. The party also suggests waiving EI Premiums and provide rebates for C/QPP Contribution rebates to those not paying federal income tax, to guarantee every Canadian can earn at least $1000 a month free of payroll deductions.
Trudeau on the other hand suggested making EI coverage universal, and providing up to 90 per cent wage replacement in the first month of claim, while also introducing EI Benefit Floor, where every Canadian would be entitled to a minimum benefit equal to federal minimum wage regardless of their original earnings, for as long as they have enough insurable hours. The Liberal plan also introduces expands "working while on claim" provision, allowing people collecting EI benefits to have their wages supplemented through the program so their total paycheque reaches at least 90 per cent of their average 5-year earnings at all times, regardless whether the claimant is eligible for EI Regular Benefits. EI Parental Benefits are set to be fixed at at least 60 per cent of the family's income, subject o the benefit floor. Liberals suggest paying for the programme through waiving maximum insurable earnings to levy EI Premiums on all income of an individual, while introducing cap on benefits linked to median regional wages. However, the basic exemption shall be aligned to the federal income tax minimum threshold. Surpluses generated should be used to pay for expanded WWoC provisions and putting EI Operating Account back into surplus.
Both parties also committed to brining in a Canada Savers' Creditthat mirrors both the amounts and eligibly criteria of the GST/HST tax credit, but is instead deposited in people's Tax Free Savings Accounts (TFSAs) and automatically invested into corporate equity. Tories and Liberals also support introducing automatic enrolment for Registered Retirement Savings Plans (RRSPs), Registered Eduction Savings Plans (RESPs), Registered Disability Savings Plans (RDSP), First Homebuyer Savings Accounts (FHSAs) and TFSAs upon either birth of obtaining Canadian tax residency for eligible non-Canadians. While the Conservative proposal would new accounts automatically linked to existing financial institutions the individual already has an account in, the Liberals instant new accounts should be automatically assigned to a new independent crown corporation, so long the primary account holder haven't decided to the move their registered accounts to an eligible financial institution.
Both parties pitch the policy as a potential interim solution to address Canada's sky-high household debt, through increased asset ownership and participation in stock markets.
When it comes to fiscal policy, the Liberal Government suggests they'll keep their "structural deficit" - as defined by tax revenues versus programme expedites - bellow the rate of economic growth over the 10 year period. LPC however is open they'll not restrain their spending on new housing construction, Ottawa set to absorb almost all the costs of housing under the liberal plan. The Conservatives on the other hand suggest introducing the $1 for $1 rule for federal expenditure, where every dollar of new spending has to be offset by a dollar in spending cuts or increased taxes, suggesting to balance the budget in their first 5 years in the office.
Somewhat comically, the Liberals seem to be attacking Conservative proposals on the grounds it may bring back the pain on the nighties - referring to the Chretien austerity era - especially in Atlantic Canada and the Regions of Quebec where benefit dependency ratios have traditionally been elevated.
The Liberals have also committed to expand existing childcare agreements, to make childcare services and spare available to anyone, and drastically reduce wait times for subsidised spots.

Energy & Environment

The issue has surprisingly played a somewhat muted role during this election, as CPC has contained to opposed federal price on carbon, pressuring the idea of turning Canada into a "natural resource superpower". Liberals on the other hand boasted about their massive investment into Net Zero Transition, while also attacking the Tories one potential fiscal penalties that the government would assume after cancelling the carbon tax. Team Red had also opened to cling to previous commitments of the Conserve Leader to ban overseas oil, which Ontario, and Quebec, as well as Atlantic Canada remain fairly dependent on, due to lack of oil transportation infrastructure from western oil production facilities. Considering the fact Quebec has remained one of Liberal strongholds even at the lowest, as well as the party's perceived electability in the province, CPC would've had even harder to fight for the votes in Quebec.

Tipping the Scales

However, what truly decided this election, was something that may in the future divide the country even more, namely the issue of the French language. Something that has been present in Canadian politics for generations, but something that this time brought a party over the finish line, while completely tanking their opponents.
While both leaders fluent in French, having French Canadian roots, combined with an almost unchallenged dominance of the local Bloc Québécois, it seemed quite unlikely either party would be able to gain any meaningful advantage in Quebec, until both parties have revealed their election manifestos.
Here was the moment the Liberals played their cards best. Namely, the party has committed to supplying French language both within and outside Quebec, through drastically bolstering access to Francophone eduction across the country. The Liberals has committed to introducing a brand-new federal agency tasked with facilitating access to French eduction and integration services - Francisation Canada.
The agency was set to provide free-at-use eduction in French, while also providing up to $1000 a month in finical assistance to immigrants who were willing to learn French. On top of that, the Liberals have committed to make existing Explore and Odyssey Programmes more universal, integrating them into school curriculums across the country. The Party has also committed to negotiating bilateral agreements with all provinces to provide additional funding and guarantee access to services, including eduction in French across Canada, while making French a mandatory subject for Early Learning & Childcare, as well as in secondary education. LPC would also waive tuition fees for post-secondary eduction in French, and negotiate agreements with other francophone countries, to facilitate French-speaking immigration into Canada and Quebec.

Conclusion

Thus, on the night of the election, the sudden realisation waived through the country. The Liberal Party managed to protect their urban ridings, even in West, as their pledge to "spend whether it takes to make houses and rents affordable for everyone" managed to persuade swing urban voters across the country, combined with their massive investment in green transition. The Tories has also lost their lead in Atlantic Canada, where an idea of a massive EI expansion has resonated with voters much more than the concept of individual accounts. Massive subsidies in battery production have also helped the Liberals to protect their seats across Ontario, especially in former industrial towns. However, what actually brought Trudeau over the finish line, was Quebec. The Combination of absolutely massive investments into green tech, coupled with new social programs, and proposed childcare expansion, on top of the Liberal pledge to "protect and promote the French language from Coast to Coast to Coast" allowed the party to make some significant inroads across the province, despite loosing some suburban ridings, Central Canada gave Trudeau yet another chance to form yet another minority Liberal government.

Party Name	Popular Vote	Number of Seats
Liberal Party of Canada (LPC_	33.8%	158
Conservative Party of Canada (CPC)	35.8%	140
New Democratic Party (NDP)	19%	20

Bloc Québécois (BQ)6.2%21 People's Party of Canada1,5%0
​

Acknowledgements

• https://energynow.ca/2022/04/energy-east-will-not-live-again-heres-why-jean-francois-thibault/
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